Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Note on Citations and Translations -- Prologue -- PART I: THE PROFESSION OF ARMS -- 1 The Great Quantity of Nobility That Is Found Here: Southern France and Its Warrior Elite -- 2 The Grandeur and Magnificence of His Household: Noble Households and Kinship -- 3 He Had No Trouble Helping Himself to Money: Crédit and Noble Finances -- PART II: THE BONDS OF NOBILITY -- 4 With the Assistance of My Particular Friends: Clientage and Friendship -- 5 The Dignity and Authority of Their Charges: Officeholding and Political Culture
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At the time of the quincentennial commemoration of the Columbian voyages in 1992, historical scholarship on the Atlantic world revolved around the theme of "encounters." More recent research emphasizes the centrality of violence in the Columbian exchange. This article introduces the three following essays presented in this issue and analyzes the historical literature dealing with ethnic and religious violence in the early modern Atlantic world. Focusing particularly on the dynamics of captivity and atrocity, the author suggests that the patterns of violence developed in the early modern Atlantic world may have served as a model for the globalization of violence.
Gender studies of violence have forced scholars to rethink the association of femininity with 'vulnerability' and the objectivisation of women as mute victims of organised violence and oppression, incapable of agency. Recent debates about the role women and homosexuals should play in military systems in the United States and other countries have sparked a renewed interest in exploring historical contexts of the relationships between gender and organised violence. If we consider violence as a performative act, whole new dimensions of gendered aspects of the history of violence and warfare emerge. In this article, I intend to draw on my research on gender, honour, and violence during the French Wars of Religion to explore the roles played by Protestant and Catholic women in southern France during siege operations. These besieged women acted to support their coreligionists by participating in the conflicts as healers, suppliers and even combatants. Besieged women were considered 'vulnerable' in sieges, yet their involvement in siege operations challenged contemporary gender stereotypes, threatened social norms and opened new potential cultural possibilities for these women. I hope to show how the discourses on violence, bodies, revolt and religion shaped the tough choices that confronted these women as they participated actively in civil violence. The besieged women in southern France, I believe, are key to understanding the dynamics of gender and warfare and the ways in which women have actively participated in violence – especially in cases of civil violence where the status of the body politic was thrown into question.
Abstract While the monarchy tried to define revolt and enforce its conception of civil conflict in early seventeenth-century France, the local nobles of southwestern France asserted their own definitions and usages of revolt. These nobles used four principal strategies in their formulations of "revolt" : labeling other nobles as rebels and attempting to distance themselves from revolt, constructing the idea of initiative against disorder to justify their actions, claiming that they were conducting a holy defense of their faith and church, and asserting rationales of non- revolt to negate the idea of revolt and establish a logic for their participation in civil conflict. These strategies formed part of a "culture of revolt" that defined nobles' experiences in early seventeenth-century civil warfare.
