Suchergebnisse

The quality of human capital is a priority factor for the development of modern economy. Apparently, the system of higher education has a significant impact on the human development. There are a number of approaches to assessing this impact and to enhancing its positive outcomes. Studying the professional and social trajectories of graduates allows obtaining an objective picture of a practice-oriented influence of higher education on the human capital formation. The article explores young professionals' career development six months after graduation. We analyse the characteristics of young professionals' occupational and educational trajectories through examining the indicators of graduates' employment monitoring in 2014–2016. The data are supplemented by the results of the graduates' survey conducted in 2017 using administrative data. The data were processed using the methods of cluster and regression analysis, classification method and expert estimates. We have disproved the hypothesized significant impact of graduates' performance at the university and their training basis (fee-payment or budgetary funding) on the financial success of graduates. Furthermore, we have identified five tendencies. Firstly, the graduates are increasingly involved in unstable employment. Secondly, working experience has a significant impact on successful employment. Thirdly, graduates continue their training to adapt themselves to the labour market. Fourthly, the financial and social success is highly dependent on the choice of training specialities, which are in demand in the modern economy. And last, there is a high mobility among graduates. Up to 30 % of them are moving to another subject of the Russian Federation. The study results can be applied to improve the quality of bachelor and master degree programmes, taking into account the identified specifics of young professionals' unstable employment and to determine areas for effective government investment in the development of the Ural region human potential. © 2018 Institute of Economics Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. ; Russian Foundation for Basic Research, RFBR: N18–311–00175 ; The article has been supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Grant N18–311–00175.

The article examines the motivations for Master's students' choice of individual trajectories. In the course of their studies, the students' trajectories have educational, scientific and professional aspects. Educational, scientific and professional students' trajectories determine a system of interaction between master's students and other people in the context of educational process (teachers, other students) and beyond it (employers, research workers from Russian and foreign universities). The authors emphasize the importance of studying the master's students' individual trajectories from both scientific (identifying the peculiarities of students' trajectories formation and development) and practical points of view (investments to master's students to enhance the professional competence in the regional labour market). The authors have analysed the master's students' individual trajectories on the basis of monitoring data obtained from the survey carried out in February and December 2014. The master's students' assessments allowed to identify what educational experience they were able to get during the education and whether their experience met their expectations. The master's students' economic expectations are examined during the implementation of educational and professional trajectories. The analysis of the results has shown that the biggest gap between the expectations and the experience of the master's students was found according to the criteria related to the student's scientific trajectory and opportunities to participate in the internationalisation processes. The results of the research may be used to improve the master's programmes taking into account the revealed master's students' expectations, as well as to ensure highly qualified professionals in the labour market and for the effective investments to the human capital by the government authorities. ; Рассмотрены мотивации выбора магистрантами индивидуальных траекторий, которые включают различные аспекты образовательных, научных и профессиональных траекторий студентов в ходе получения магистерского образования. Проанализированы особенности формирования и развития образовательных траекторий студентов. ; The research has been supported by the Decree. 211 of the Government of the Russian Federation, contract No. 02. A03.21.0006.

Industrial technology modernization requires solutions to the problems of the complex systems evolution. Entities involved in the process of modernization lack unified centralized control and act as standalone businesses, while stakeholders in the processes pursue their own, all too often conflicting interests. Having to operate amid severe external uncertainty, these standalone businesses act as isolated agents, with their make-up changing at different periods, yet the success of technology modernization depends on their coordinated action. It is critical for the success of the system evolution to have enough highly qualified personnel with expertise and competencies, engineering and economic ones in the first place, that match the complexity of the systems being managed. The article analyzes the tasks that pop up throughout the course of modernization. The analysis is used as a basis for defining engineering and economic competencies and for substantiating their significance as a key resource of the industrial systems of the future. This assumption finds a confirmation in a summary of appropriate global trends done by the authors. Systems engineering is used as a case of the application of the competencies as part of methodologies that were created in response to challenges associated with the growing complexity of technological and organizational systems. The study also gives examples of the need for engineering and economic competencies arising in the course of technology modernization in the electric power industry. © 2017 WIT Press. ; ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The work was supported by Act 211 of the Government of the Russian Federation, contract № 02.A03.21.0006.

This article presents the results of studies that the authors conducted proceeding from a hypothesis that an increase of crises phenomena in the global economy, uncertainty, and higher risk along with the growing use of digital smart technology apply radically new requirements on knowledge-intensive services in the energy sector. The sector of management consulting and engineering services, which constitute the backbone of knowledge-intensive services, is faced with a new role of providing a mix of services addressing the tasks of devising anticipatory actions amid uncertainty and crisis based on forecasting. Analysis of changes in business models and the content of services indicate their strong capacity for smart logistics of complex projects, knowledge transfer in cooperation with universities and innovation institutions, managing the development of flexible technological and product solutions, and competency development in network teams. This article offers a detailed elaboration of an up-to-date conceptual framework of engineering and management consulting; provides an overview of global trends; and presents a case study of collaboration problems that emerge in cross-disciplinary teams working on smart grid projects and projects of energy supply in cities based on smart grid technology. A model of proactive management and anticipatory personnel training in energy companies is proposed. This article describes the skillset needed for implementing a concept of integrated knowledge-intensive services for technological modernization and digitalization of the energy sector. © 2020 WIT Press, www.witpress.com ; The work was supported by Act 211 of the Government of the Russian Federation, contract No. 02.A03.21.0006.

The quality of human capital is a priority factor for the development of modern economy. Apparently, the system of higher education has a significant impact on the human development. There are a number of approaches to assessing this impact and to enhancing its positive outcomes. Studying the professional and social trajectories of graduates allows obtaining an objective picture of a practice-oriented influence of higher education on the human capital formation. The article explores young professionals' career development six months after graduation. We analyse the characteristics of young professionals' occupational and educational trajectories through examining the indicators of graduates' employment monitoring in 2014–2016. The data are supplemented by the results of the graduates' survey conducted in 2017 using administrative data. The data were processed using the methods of cluster and regression analysis, classification method and expert estimates. We have disproved the hypothesized significant impact of graduates' performance at the university and their training basis (fee-payment or budgetary funding) on the financial success of graduates. Furthermore, we have identified five tendencies. Firstly, the graduates are increasingly involved in unstable employment. Secondly, working experience has a significant impact on successful employment. Thirdly, graduates continue their training to adapt themselves to the labour market. Fourthly, the financial and social success is highly dependent on the choice of training specialities, which are in demand in the modern economy. And last, there is a high mobility among graduates. Up to 30 % of them are moving to another subject of the Russian Federation. The study results can be applied to improve the quality of bachelor and master degree programmes, taking into account the identified specifics of young professionals' unstable employment and to determine areas for effective government investment in the development of the Ural region human potential. © 2018 Institute of Economics Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. ; Рассмотрены вопросы карьерных траекторий выпускников в контексте внутрирегионального социально-экономического развития субъектов. Проанализированы результаты трудоустройства выпускников Уральского региона и их заработные платы, а так же их образовательные характеристики. ; The article has been supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Grant N18-311-00175.

Переход к экономике знания заострил внимание исследователей на развитии системы высшего образования и ее проблемах, а сами вузы поставил в конкурентную борьбу за ограниченные ресурсы. Свободная и управляемая конкуренция замыкает на себе цепочку взаимосвязанных, порой противоречивых в применении к столь социально значимой сфере, как высшее образование, понятий. Цель авторов данной исследовательской статьи – выявление с помощью метода концептуального анализа взаимосвязи между понятиями «конкуренция», «конкурентоспособность», «эффективность» и «сотрудничество» применительно к системе высшего образования. Конкуренция и сотрудничество рассматриваются как факторы, повышающие эффективность функционирования вузов. При этом в обоснованиях необходимости создания конкурентных условий для высших учебных заведений и в определениях понятия «эффективность» выявляются противоречия. Вузы рассматриваются как коммерческие организации, показатели деятельности которых замыкаются на их внутренней среде; исключаются из внимания основные функции этих образовательных учреждений: воспроизводство интеллектуального капитала и повышение качества человеческих ресурсов, а также ориентация на потребности рынка труда. Столь же ограничено и понятие «конкуренция»: оно представлено через индекс монополизации, рассчитанный в большинстве случаев через долю обучающихся студентов и не учитывающий особенности отечественной системы высшего образования. Тем не менее в работах о конкуренции и финансировании обращается внимание на общественное благо, создаваемое вузами, которое не всегда очевидно и требует финансового участия правительства. На основании результатов проведенного концептуального анализа авторы приходят к выводу, что в дискуссиях о конкуренции и эффективности вузов в контексте ассоциации их с коммерческим сектором происходит упущение целого ряда социально значимых элементов высшего образования и науки. ; The transition to the knowledge economy focused attention on the higher education system development and its problems, and put the universities in the situation of competition for limited resources. Free and controlled competition brings a chain of interrelated, sometimes contradictory concepts applied to higher education as a socially significant area. The authors of this research article by means of conceptual analysis aim at identifying the relationship between the concepts of «competition», «competitiveness», «efficiency», and «cooperation» regarding the higher education system. Competition and cooperation are considered to be factors which increase the efficiency of universities' functioning. At the same time, there are contradictions in the justifications for the need to create competitive conditions for universities and in the definitions of the concept of efficiency, University is understood to be a commercial organization, its indicators being locked in its internal environment, whereas its main functions (reproduction of intellectual capital, improving the quality of human resources, orientation to the needs of the labor market) come to be out of sight. No less limited is the concept of competition, which is represented through the index of monopolization, calculated mostly through the proportion of students enrolled, beyond taking into account the peculiarities of the Russian higher education system. However, the works on competition and financing draw attention to the public good created by universities, which is not always tangible and requires the financial participation of the government. Thus, the discussions on universities' competition and effectiveness in the context of their association with the commercial sector omit a number of socially significant elements of higher education and science.

Высшее образование претерпевает существенную трансформацию в России и в мире. Вузам и государству приходится решать сложные и порой разнонаправленные задачи. Анализ теоретических исследований типов вузов и определяющих их факторов позволяет сформировать представление о возможных драйверах развития, а многопараметрическая методика оценки состояния высшего образования позволяет выделить факторы, в наибольшей степени влияющие на изменение состояния высшего образования. Исследование показало, что факторы, влияющие на развитие системы высшего образования, зависят от стратегии развития и экономической модели вуза, государственных программ, содержащих рекомендации по развитию образовательной среды. Существенное влияние на развитие региональных систем высшего образования оказывает наличие в регионе ведущего вуза, поскольку создание таких вузов изначально было нацелено на опережающее развитие. Данная ситуация экономически обусловлена и объясняется высокой зависимостью вузов от государственного бюджета. При этом на базе ведущего вуза формируется академическая среда для активности научно-педагогических работников и студентов. Именно активность научно-педагогических работников в научно-исследовательской деятельности, а студентов - в академической сфере позитивно влияют на динамику развития региональных систем. Нарастание разрыва между ведущим и остальными вузами ведет к монополизации, снижению конкуренции и, как следствие, к снижению эффективности деятельности. Появляется необходимость в структурной перестройке. К частным факторам, влияющим на развитие системы высшего образования, относятся показатели научной деятельности и успеваемости студентов. Проведенный анализ позволяет утверждать, что зафиксированные тенденции усилятся и будет наблюдаться дальнейшая дифференциация региональных систем высшего образования с одновременным улучшением исследовательских и образовательных характеристик отдельных вузов. Однако необходимо отдельное исследование вопроса целесообразности структурной перестройки в рамках региональных систем, в связи с нарастающими в них диспропорциями в развитии. ; Recently, higher education in Russia and abroad has been transformed significantly. Both universities and the state have to tackle challenging and multidirectional tasks. Analysis of theoretical research on the types of higher education institutions and the determining factors provides insights into drivers for development. Simultaneously, multivariate methodology for assessing the state of higher education allows identifying the factors that most affect its transformation. The study demonstrates that these factors depend on the development strategy and economic model of a university as well as government programmes for the development of education and science. One of the major factors affecting the development of regional higher education is the presence of a leading university in the region. This situation is economically justified due to the strong dependence of universities on the federal budget. Moreover, a leading university creates an educational environment for academic staff and students. Their participation in scientific research and academic activities positively influence the development of regional systems. The growing gap between the leading university and other education institutions leads to monopolisation, decrease in competition, and, consequently, decline in performance. Thus, there is a need for structural changes. The particular factors affecting the development of the higher education are the indicators of academic activity and student performance. The conducted analysis suggests the intensification of the trends, indicating further differentiation of regional higher education system with a simultaneous improvement of individual universities in research and development. Additionally, it is necessary to examine the feasibility of structural adjustment within regional systems due to the growing imbalances in development. ; Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Постановления № 211 Правительства Российской Федерации, контракт № 02.A03.21.0006. ; The article has been prepared with the support of the Act 211 of the Government of the Russian Federation, the contract No. 02.A03.21.0006.