Suchergebnisse

It is generally accepted that maritime strategy, which has never ceased to be one of the main concerns of the American strategists since 1898, has contributed significantly to the changes which have occurred in strategic thought since 1981, and that it has an influence on the evolution of the Atlantic Alliance. In this study, an attempt is made to full the gaps in the thoughts on US maritime strategy by focussing on an analysis of the debate as revived by the 1982 war in the Malvinas although such debate was current under the Carter administration; a debate which has attracted very little attention, if any, from those who have been studying the question of expenditures in Europe. It opposes two of the main schools of thought in strategy, namely the maritimist and the coalitionist.

Entering the 21st century, the question facing mankind is whether we will be able to find, agree upon and activate solutions adequate to resolve world problems which have plagued the 20th century and which increasingly threaten the 21 st. The central argument presented here is that it is only by taking concrete steps at the world level that we can hope to reduce or eliminate the threat to survival which these problems represent.
In order to provide a framework from which prospects for the future of the world organization can be analysed, the "world order" perspective is compared with a more traditional perspective. The challenges that world problems and crises pose for the world organization are examined. Using the fundamental changes undergone by both the League of Nations and the United Nations as an historical basis for scrutinizing the future, the changes that increasingly complex problems may force on the world organization are explored. Changes such as a "reinforced United Nations" (without delegation of sovereignty), a "World Authority" (with partial delegation of sovereignty) or a "World Government" (with major delegation of sovereignty) are evaluated in terms of the world organization' s ability to handle potential world crises and problems.
The conclusion establishes that there is a pressing need for immediate political action which would aim towards a coalition of all groups researching solutions to world problems and would be based on the "world order" ideology of the majority rather than the "world-oriented" ideology of a self-interested minority.

Summary in English. Deals with two schools of thought: power projection and sea control; the impact of US naval strategy on NATO; and the naval base of Lages in the Azores.

Die diplomatische und militärische Offensive der RSA im südlichen Afrika hat ihre Grenzen erreicht. Maßgebend dafür sind innenpolitische und wirtschaftliche Schwierigkeiten. Andererseits hat die Aufrüstung der Frontstaaten auch dort zu erheblichen wirtschaftlichen Belastungen geführt, die nicht länger tragbar erscheinen. Die Marine der Frontstaaten bietet kein Gegengewicht zu derjenigen der RSA, aber die Truppen der RSA sind durch den inneren Konflikt teilweise gebunden. Eine militärische Lösung zugunsten einer der beiden Seiten scheint aufgrund eines "Gleichgewichts der Schwäche" unmöglich. (DÜI-Wsl)

Also printed in Port. under the title "A viagem para o Sul da política de defesa de Espanha" in: Econ e Socialismo (n s) p 121-41 Jl/D '85. Implications of the increased emphasis on the defense of southern Spain and its island dependencies as well as on participation in the defense of the Mediterranean basin.

Purpose. The purpose of the study was to present a theoretical framework for the concept of attitude and to examine the attitudes of selected subjects within this frame of reference. It was hoped that the results would clarify the concept of "attitude" and that they would provide solutions for problems in education. Method. A theoretical framework which consisted of sixteen propositions dealing with organization, structure, function, and change of attitudes was presented as the frame of reference. The 180 subjects who responded to the questionnaire that was prepared for this study were selected f±om the student body of Andrews University, Michigan. They included male and female students in the first and third years of college and in graduate school. They responded to attitude statements which measured the affective, the cognitive, and the action components of their attitudes toward national defense, politics, and religion. The scores were used to determine component loadings and the intercorrelations between the components. These were used to locate the attitude objects in the attitude space, to draw the attitude structures, and to examine attitude changes. Eleven hypotheses were formulated. The first four hypotheses dealt with the usefulness of the framework and formed the first part of the analysis of the data. They dealt with the organization of attitudes, the hierarchical order of the components, and the role of arousal in attitude study. The remaining hypotheses considered the differences in subject groups, in terms of the theoretical frame of reference, and formed the second part of the analysis of the data. Results. The following results were obtained: 1. The organization of attitudes toward religion is not more consistent than attitudes toward the other two areas. 2. The attitude components are hierarchical. 3 . Attitudes of subjects who have aroused attitudes are better organized than those in groups with non-aroused attitudes. 4. The arousal scores in related eureas correlate with each other. 5. The value profiles of the subjects are very similar. 6. Female subjects' attitudes tend tc be mere expressive than males'. 7. Male subjects' attitudes are more instrumental than those of female subjects. 8. The attitudes of graduate students toward religion are more positive than those of students in the college levels. 9. There is no difference between males and females in the degree of positiveness in attitudes toward national defense and politics. 10. There is no difference in males' and females' attitudes toward religion. 11. The various attitude areas have a higher correlation in the groups of college students than in the groups of graduate students. Conclusions. The theoretical framework proved useful in the study of attitudes. It permitted the investigator to gather information about structures of attitudes ; structural changes ; differences in attitude structures between groups; and the relationships between different attitude components. This information can be useful in clarifying the concept of "attitude" and in finding solutions to problems in education, the behavioral sciences, and so forth.