Suchergebnisse

Based on the case study of Portugal, the present study aims to analyse the alignment of investments in the Portuguese "Recovery and Resilience Plan" with the Smart Specialisation Strategies priorities (2021-2027) of this territory, and then identify opportunities for potential synergies and complementary between funding instruments. With the information available in the Plan and its annex, a detailed analysis is performed to identify investments able to enhance Research & Development, and Innovation and/or to improve the regional innovation ecosystems. The analysis shows that up to €6 Billion of the Plan (37%) may potentially support directly and indirectly the Smart Specialisation in Portugal. However, the effect of such contribution will strongly depend on the final beneficiaries, projects selected, absorption capacity, and governance model. The paper also explains the relevance of Smart Specialisation in the Covid-19 recovery and draft some policy recommendations.

Artigo introdutório a Edição Especial Mídia, Gênero & Direitos Humanos

Access to finance is a key driver of business activities. It can help firms to grow and innovate. However, due to market failures innovative firms are usually more financinally constrained. To improve access to financing for risky but excellent R&D and innovation investment projects, a new debt-financing instrument called "Risk Sharing Finance Facility" was created in 2007, by a joint initiative of the European Commission and the European Investment Bank. Based on a macro-economic analysis, the aim of the paper is to assess the effect of this new debt-financing instrument on enhancing private R&D expenditure. The database used covers the 28 Member States of the European Union in the period 2007-2016. Private R&D decision is estimated by a function of output growth and several R&D policy instruments. The methodological approach is based on a fixed effect model with control function method in order to correct for endogenous bias of Risk Sharing Finance. The results reveal a positive and significant effect of the new EU policy financing instrument on Private R&D expenditure and its rate of return seems to be higher than that of grants or subsidies. Furthermore, in countries where government funding for private R&D expenditure is above the average, the effect of Risk Sharing Finance shows a lower marginal effect. No evidence of significant differences concerning the size of the effect of the new debt-financing instrument is found when differentiating the level of R&D tax incentives. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/published

The aim of the paper is to explore which factors explain the reasons for firms' decisions to delocalize their R&D activities outside or within the EU. Special attention is given to the influence of public policies to support R&D on the decisions to (de)localize R&D activities. The main source of information is "The EU survey on R&D Investment Business Trends" for the years 2007-2013. The methodology is based on a descriptive analysis of these surveys, on benchmarking with other economic studies in the field and a SWOT analysis of R&D activity location in the EU. The analysis reveals that the quality of R&D personnel and access to network knowledge (with firms, universities and public organizations) are the most important factors for locating R&D activities in a given region or country. Public support for R&D appears to be relegated to a secondary position in the decision to locate R&D activities. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Fang Lijun, um dos mais bem reputados artistas do movimento Cynical Realism, amplamente conhecido pelas suas representações de esculturas de cabeças, apresentou em Nova Iorque (2008-2009), na Galeria Arario, uma inquietante representação de esculturas de bonecos gordos e carecas enjaulados a que deu o título de 9/11. O seu trabalho denota uma posição crítica face aos sistemas de poder instituídos, nomeadamente aos modelos de vigilância. As representações do corpo são igualmente objeto de análise e reflexão, sendo o objetivo principal do presente artigo questionar acerca dos seus propósito e significados simbólicos mais recônditos. O presente estudo justifica-se pela sua originalidade face ao trabalho artístico de Lijun e às mensagens que pretende deixar ao Ocidente acerca do poder, do medo e do corpo.

In this set of new public policy instruments of the European Union (EU) Cohesion Policy 2014-2020, regional smart specialisation strategies (RIS3) were one of its most important 'flagships'. Given the broad consensus that seems to exist in European institutions as regards the need to continue developing this approach in the EU in the post-2020 period, the main aims of this article are: (i) to analyze the new possible evolutions for strengthening RIS3's strategic rationale of implementation; (ii) to debate the new challenges for public policy resulting from the new orientations and strategic priorities of the EU Cohesion Policy 2021-2027; (iii) to present a proposal for the evolution of RIS3 to another stage of evolution in the post-2020 period through incorporation of a new social dimension which we call RIS4 - Research, Innovation and Social Strategies for Smart Specialisation. In order to achieve this objective, in addition to the Introduction and Final remarks, the article contains the following main sections: (i) Background theory, where we analyse how the transition from the place-based approach to the smart specialisation rationale allows effective conditions for better operationalization of the first type of approach; (ii) Post-2020 Cohesion Policy and the new challenges for public policy, where we present and discuss a number of key challenges which we believe should be at the centre of the debate on the future of Cohesion Policy. The choices the EU will make on each of these key challenges will determine very different solutions for the future Cohesion Policy. In this section we also debate in detail aspects such as the post-2020 cohesion policy in the framework of the EU's economic governance, the review of place-based approaches, reformulation of the mechanisms for territorialisation of public policy and the strategic priorities of the post-2020 Cohesion Policy;(iii) Smart specialisation and territorial approach post-2020, where we analyse policy implications, new requirements for governance and the increasing policy dimension of smart specialisation, and finally(iv) The European future of 'smart'. From RIS3 to RIS4, we propose the development of a new stage for smart specialization in post-2020 cohesion policy, based on the increased social dimension of the RIS3.

This chapter aims to analyse how, in the European Union's public policy set, policies directed to cities and urban matters have become more relevant. The importance of these policies in the European agenda is seen in Cohesion Policy, but also in the Union's other policies, with other thematic and sector focuses. The intention is also to analyse to what extent the transversal, trans-sector, multi-scale and transpolicy character – which urban questions have acquired in European policies – are contributing to the development of a new generation of public, national and regional policies, and to achieving higher levels of territorial cohesion. The pertinence of this research is reinforced by the creation of the Urban Agenda for EU, created in 2016 by the European Union, which aims to systematize and reorganize the different Union policies directed to cities and revalue their role in the process of European integration.

O lançamento do Programa LEADER, em 1991, imprimiu uma nova dinâmica à política de desenvolvimento rural da União Europeia. Este programa, concebido para fomentar o empreendedorismo, potenciar o crescimento económico e estimular a inovação nas zonas rurais, distinguiu-se dos modelos clássicos de política pública por assentar numa abordagem territorial, multissectorial e integrada. Este artigo tem como principal objetivo a análise do valor acrescentado, da eficácia e da eficiência do Programa LEADER, na região Alentejo, ao longo das três primeiras fases da sua implementação. Para atingir este objetivo analisou-se a totalidade dos 2.706 projetos de investimento executados e financiados pelo LEADER, no período de 1991 a 2006, no Alentejo4, tendo sido consideradas no estudo as seguintes dimensões de análise: localização geográfica, tipo de promotor, atividade económica e natureza da despesa efetuada. A recolha de dados estatísticos, junto das entidades nacionais gestoras do Programa, permitiu a realização de uma análise estatística descritiva de indicadores financeiros e de impacto. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que o LEADER contribuiu para uma nova dinâmica socioeconómica, uma vez que contribuiu para uma especialização do investimento realizado em torno de dois setores de atividade considerados hoje estratégicos para o Alentejo: o turismo e a agroindústria. Contudo, o LEADER revelou-se pouco expressivo nas despesas com I&DT, precisamente aquelas atividades cujo contributo poderia alavancar a competitividade das empresas locais.