Em Portugal, a participação em saúde está prevista do ponto de vista normativo, em particular ao nível político e institucional. Apesar da preocupação de alguns decisores em promover a participação pública em saúde, esta tem-se revelado insuficiente. É neste contexto, de reconhecimento dos benefícios da participação, mas de ausência de mecanismos capazes de garantir essa participação em processos de decisão sobre saúde, que surge a iniciativa "MAIS PARTICIPAÇÃO melhor saúde". Esta visa a reivindicação da institucionalização de mecanismos participativos, dando resposta aos anseios de um vasto conjunto de ativistas em saúde, mas também da população portuguesa em geral, que reivindicam o direito a serem envolvidos, de forma regular e efetiva, nas decisões em saúde que os afetam.
Abstract In recent decades, a growing body of research has discussed and illustrated the so-called deliberative speak ‐ or how, despite representatives of the expert-political system agreeing with public participation in decision-making processes, in practice effective public participation barely occurs. To address this, new governing tools have recently been developed and implemented, such as participatory budgeting, particularly in societies in the Global North. We have also witnessed several profound sociopolitical and economic changes ‐ the post-political turn and localist agendas are all part and parcel of a new era of governance and political institutions that are being discussed increasingly by social scientists as questioning democracy. However, empirical analyses of if and how these changes are being appropriated ‐ reproduced and/or resisted ‐ in the everyday practices of expert-political systems and of citizens and what their consequences are for public participation have been neglected. To overcome that, this article will examine the discourses of citizens and representatives of expert-political systems about their participatory budgeting in three Portuguese municipalities.
Nos últimos anos, têm surgido novas formas de mobilização, novos atores e novos reportórios de ação, impulsionados pela agenda política e pelo dinamismo crescente da sociedade civil, que reivindica maior participação cidadã. Simultaneamente, a internet assumiu centralidade na relação dos cidadãos com a política e as instituições e como mecanismo de mobilização pelos coletivos e movimentos sociais. O projeto de investigação-ação MAIS PARTICIPAÇÃO, melhor saúde, que tem como objetivo promover a participação dos cidadãos e/ou seus representantes na definição de políticas públicas de saúde e na organização do SNS, é analisado como dinâmica específica de ativismo na saúde em Portugal, na perspetiva da sua estratégia virtual. Os resultados mostram que a internet constituiu uma alavanca fundamental para a mobilização, ação coletiva e sensibilização pública.
Social distancing and the use of masks are crucial to prevent the spread of SARS-COV-2. Knowledge of the determinants of this behavior is essential to promote effective communication with the public in future public health crises that require mass public compliance with preventive behaviors. This systematic review focused on scientific evidence related to cognitive factors that underlie the intention of young adults' intention to adhere to preventive social behavior (distancing and/or the use of facial masks) against COVID-19. A systematic literature search on the electronic database, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and EBSCO was performed in December 2022 according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. The PEO (Population: young adults, Exposure: COVID-19, and Outcome: cognitive factors that underlie the intention of young adults to adhere to social distancing and/or the use of facial masks) was developed to identify search terms and inclusion/exclusion criteria. Eight studies met the eligibility criteria. None of the studies were seriously flawed according to the quality assessment, and they were considered to have a low risk of bias for selection. Several cognitive determinants emerged in the analysis. For both social distancing and the use of masks, the most relevant factors related to adherence include risk perception and perceived severity, the moral value of fairness, social responsibility, trust in the government, respect for authority, and the quality of institutional communication. Adherence to social distancing was found related to self-efficacy. These results reinforce social cognitive models showing the relevance of cognitions to adherence behavior, and highlight the responsibility of official institutions in the development of contexts and in adapting the communication for the effective promotion of adherence to the recommendations they launch.
to characterize the interventions of health promotion programs implemented in Health Promoting Universities; to analyze the results of the interventions of health promotion programs. ; Objetivo: caraterizar as intervenções dos programas de promoção da saúde implementados em Universidades Promotoras de Saúde; analisar os resultados das intervenções dos programas de promoção da saúde. Método: revisão integrativa realizada na EBSCO, PubMed, SciELO, Scopus e Web of Science. Selecionaram-se artigos publicados entre os anos de 2000 e 2014, com evidências de programas de intervenção de promoção da saúde e avaliação de resultados. Resultados: foram incluídos 17 artigos. Os programas de promoção da saúde visavam aumentar o bem-estar dos estudantes, com ênfase na atividade física, saúde sexual e melhoria do ambiente de suporte à saúde no âmbito da comunidade universitária. Conclusão: as estratégias de promoção da saúde em contexto universitário nem sempre resultam da convergência entre ações educativas, políticas, legislativas ou organizacionais que apoiam estilos de vida e condições favoráveis à saúde dos indivíduos ou coletividades e que contribuem para melhoria do ambiente físico e social. ; caracterizar las intervenciones de los programas de promoción de la salud implementados en Universidades Promotoras de Salud; analizar los resultados de las intervenciones de los programas de promoción de la salud. Método: revisión integrativa realizada en la EBSCO, PubMed, SciELO, Scopus y Web of Science. Se seleccionaron artículos publicados entre los años 2000 y 2014, con evidencias de programas de intervención de promoción de la salud y evaluación de resultados. Resultados: se incluyeron 17 artículos. Los programas de promoción de la salud tenían el objetivo de aumentar el bienestar de los estudiantes, con énfasis en la actividad física, salud sexual y mejora del entorno de apoyo a la salud en el ámbito de la comunidad universitaria. Conclusión: las estrategias de promoción de la salud en el contexto universitario no siempre resultan de la convergencia entre acciones educativas, políticas, legislativas u organizacionales que apoyan estilos de vida e condiciones favorables a la salud de los individuos o colectividades y que contribuyen a la mejora del entorno físico y social. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
In: Ecotoxicology and environmental safety: EES ; official journal of the International Society of Ecotoxicology and Environmental safety, Band 109, S. 161-168
Objective: To implement a teaching strategy of the nursing care that includes the sensitive dimension; to analyze the results from the information of students in relation to the strategy. Method: The research is qualitative and made use of field daily of academic students about the follow-up of the planting of beans. Results: The teaching-learning strategy has awakened love, fondness and affection in 99% of the surveyed students. Conclusion: It has allowed us to realize that the observation is a fundamental component to promote care; that the exchange of experiences and the pursuit of knowledge might ease and make the nursing practice more enjoyable and stimulating.
AbstractIntegrative passive samplers, such as DGT (Diffusive Gradients in Thin-films), are identified in European Technical Guidance Documents as promising tools to improve the quality of the assessment, in the context of the WFD (EU Water Framework Directive). However, DGT results cannot yet be used directly in a regulatory framework to assess the chemical status of water bodies, as DGT labile concentrations cannot be directly compared to the metal AA-EQSmarine water (Annual Average Environmental Quality Standard) established by the WFD, which are defined in the dissolved concentration. Therefore, prior to using DGT results in a regulatory context, for cadmium, nickel and lead, an adaptation of existing AA-EQSmarine water for DGTs should be pursued, ensuring at least the same level of protection. In this sense, in the framework of the MONITOOL project, a robust database of dissolved and labile metal concentrations in transitional and coastal waters, for adapting the existing AA-EQSmarine water for DGT technique, was obtained. Building on these results, this study proposes a methodology and provides values and equations for using DGT results for the chemical status assessment of marine waters, by adapting the EQSmarine water to adapted EQSDGT or predicting dissolved concentrations from DGT results. Based on available dataset, a first simulation of "chemical status" assessment per MONITOOL sampling site using DGT measured labile concentrations was carried out and the results were compared to an assessment based on dissolved concentration to check their compliance. These results demonstrate that the use of DGT passive samplers is appropriate for the metal concentrations level encountered in the marine environment. Further work is recommended to test the effectiveness of the methodology proposed in this study under WFD conditions on more sites and to establish common strategy guidelines for the use of DGT passive samplers in monitoring.
