Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is a multidisciplinary field where a linguist and a sosiologist work together on a social phenomenon in a social discourse. The complexity in social realities will be realized in complexed linguistic systems. Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) views language as a verbal social process, where language is treated as social semiotic systems which represent socio-cultural norms and values. The socio-cultural systems will become the meaning resources, whereas language is the meaning maker. Besides, language bears three meta functions, involving ideational, interpersonal, and textual meanings. The systems and functions works simultaneously to unfold the meanings in the hierarchically different systems to reach the ultimate meaning. In this way, SFL provides a way a linguist works as a mixed linguist and sociologist to look at discourse critically. The following example of analysis will apply the principals by providing an analysis of a text that expresses a political dispute on tax amnesty.
This research aims to find the types of FTA contained in the English translation of the novel Bumi Manusia. Apart from that, this research also analyses translation techniques and the level of translation accuracy. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The research results state that there are two main types of FTA, namely Positive Face Threatening Acts (PFTA) and Negative Face Threatening Acts (NFTA). There is a predominance of PFTAs in human interactions, indicating that more actions aim to strengthen and enhance positive aspects of relationships and personal development. The findings from the English translation technique of the novel "Bumi Manusia" show a total of 1357 data, divided into 13 types of techniques. The most dominant translation technique is Equivalence with a percentage of 73.2% of the total data found. These results are that the English translation of the novel "Earth of Mankind" has an adequate level of accuracy, acceptability and readability.
This research aims at mapping out the translation techniques applied in translating sarcasm expressions and describing the impact of translation techniques toward the translation quality in terms of the accuracy aspect. This descriptive qualitative research used documents (i.e. subtitle of television series The Big Bang Theory and its translation in bahasa Indonesia) and informant (i.e. raters) as the data sources. To collect the data, the methods that were applied are document analysis and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). As a result, there are 15 translation techniques applied by the translator in translating the sarcasm expressions. The application of appropriate translation techniques extremely affects the translation quality. The translator tends to apply established equivalent in dealing with sarcasm expressions. Consequently, the sarcasm expression translations tend to be rendered accurately. Meanwhile, reduction, discursive creation, literal techniques tend to produce less accurate and inaccurate translation.
This paper presents the results of news analysis of the Supreme Court decision that Indigenous Faiths on the ID card (E-KTP) with Norman Fairclough's critical discourse analysis approach as the central platform. The study covers descriptions (text analysis), interpretations (discourse practices), and explanations (social practices). The results are as follows. (1) The structure of the news text Indigenous Faiths allowed on the ID card is built by four units of discourse: headline, orientation, the sequence of events, closing. Modalities and affirmative sentences represent the positive ideology of the conflicting faction and the institutions (government, scientists, and community leaders). Meanwhile, prohibiting speech and negative sentences represent the negative ideology. (2) What events occur, who is involved, what is the relationship with the issue raised, and what role the language can be expressed through the interpretation of the practice of discourse. (3) The situation when the news text is produced, the influence of the institution on the produced text, and the condition of Indonesians related to economic, political, social, and cultural interests (socio-cultural context).
Authentic materials provide many advantages and promote something new, challenging, and interesting in teaching-learning process, which can build students' motivation in English learning. This study aims to explore about the types of authentic material which are used in teaching reading and what kinds of reading activity can be implement by using authentic material. In this research, a case study was applied as the research method and the data were qualitative data. To collect the data, some techniques of data collection were used such as observing the classroom activity, conducting the interview to the subjects of the research, and analyzing the documents. Through the data analyziz, the researcher sumerized two points from this study: 1) The authentic materials used by the eighth grade teacher of Junior High School are texts obtained from the internet, printed story book, videos, and pictures; 2) The reading activities conducted by the eighth grade teacher of Junior High School through the use of authentic materials as supplementary materials are reading aloud, walking gallery, filling in blanks, rearranging jumbled paragraphs, doing cloze tasks, having short answer tasks, conducting information transfer, having text analysis, and doing some vocabulary ordering.
This research investigates how journalists behave in texts. The analysis focuses on the exploitation of attitudinal lexis. This is qualitatively explored through attitude and graduation. The data sources were columns of news, taken from an online version of The Jakarta Post on June sixth 2016. Having been selected using criterion-based sampling technique, the sources of data resulted in six chemical castration texts. The procedure of investigation consists of domain, taxonomic, componential, and cultural value analysis. The result shows that journalists are relatively subjective in reporting news by unbalancing the pros and cons, relatively inconsistent in work from delivering news to criticizing government officials, and relatively provocative by up-scaling critical evaluations against the government policy on sex offenders.
Indonesian classic literary works culturally represent ambivalent sexist attitudes toward women. Instead of campaign againts sexism in most of countries, the novelist directly or indirectly plays role in the case of spreading out sexism. The track record of Indonesian literary works in wide world literature exposes that Pulau Buru quartet written by Pramoedya Ananta Toer has obtained special attention by readers over the globe. It has been translated into more than 40 foreign languages. Due to the phenomena, the research is conducted to examine how the translator translates the utterances which contain ambivalent sexist attitutes toward women in English version. The research is focused on analyzing the application of translation techniques and the impact to its translation quality. The results reveals that translator shows a contradictive attitudinal positioning. It means that the translator both takes it for granted and retains ambivalent sexist attitudes in the target text. Simultaneously, the translator attempts to make censorship for the issues. It is evidently reflected by the application of translation techniques. Both of translator's decisions dealing with the choice of applying translation techniques impacts its translation quality. Therefore, it is product oriented translation research. Consequently, it needs futher research to dig up the translator's reasons dealing with the absence and existence of ambivalent sexist attitudes in the target text.
Textbook is one of teaching sources which serves the material based on the curriculum. In Indonesia, English textbook is provided by the government in order to facilitate the implementation of 2013 Curriculum. This book is expected to be a guideline in teaching and learning process. However, the conformity of the materials in this book to the competences and approach of 2013 Curriculum is questioned. Thus, analysis on the content of the textbook was conducted. This study analyzed English textbook for Tenth grade students published by Ministry of Education and Culture with the title 'Bahasa Inggris'. The aims of this study were to find out whether the book reflected the competences and approach of 2013 Curriculum and to describe the pattern attribution of competences and scientific approach in the textbook. The research method applied was qualitative content analysis study under the perspective of textbook evaluation. The data were collected through document analysis and interview. The result showed that the materials match each item of core and basic competences. The scientific approach stages were presented implicitly through the activities in the book. For the pattern attribution, attitude competence was incorporated in all activities through all scientific approach stages in this book. Knowledge competence was mostly found in Exploring and Observing stage. Meanwhile, skill competence was mostly found in Communicating stage.
The main objective of this research is to analyze the use of dialogue journal to teach writing. This case study research was conducted at one of senior high school in Cianjur. The research purposively sampling twenty students of grade XI. In order to collect the data, I used three techniques of data collection namely interview, observation, and document analysis.The research findings revealed that: (1) The reasons behind the implementation of dialogue journal were because the teacher wanted to give students opportunity to fulfill the need of reflection and expressing ideas while the belief relied on the standpoint to give non-threatening atmosphere for students to freely express themselves and to give opportunities for teacher to observe students' progress and their personal background. The procedure of dialogue journal was done five up to seven minutes which involved three parts, those were greeting/ salutation, body, and closing. While, the learning situation was positive in the case of interaction, attitude, and motivation. Students' responses were classified into open-ended responses which displayed students' positive thought, feeling, and reaction because they had experienced many advantages in doing dialogue journal as well as silence which indicated the moment when the students reduced interaction to only center their attention in writing dialogue journal; (2) Teacher's difficulties in doing dialogue journal were managing time to handle with students' dialogue journal overload and responding to super active students. Whereas, students' difficulties in doing dialogue journal were writing in limited time, finding suitable vocabulary, using correct grammar, and responding as well as giving suggestions to the questions given by the teacher; and (3) To cope with such difficulties, the teacher should manage a schedule to be able to correct students' work and respond to the students' questions. Furthermore, students' difficulties in doing dialogue journal could be solved by giving more language skills input, doing peer correction, and encouraging autonomous learning.Keywords: Dialogue Journal, Use, Teach Writing.
Attitude is essential issue to be considered in designing an appropriate learning for learners because it greatly affects the performance and implementation of the teaching and learning process in the classroom. One of the most important attitudes to be explored is the willingness of teachers to implement the curriculum set by the government. This study aims to determine the willingness of English teachers to carry out scientific approach and also to know the implementation of scientific approach in the learning. This research applies qualitative approach with case study design. It is conducted in SMAN 1 Situbondo with three teachers become the informants. Interview and observation are implemented to explore the willingness and the implementation of Scientific Approach. Data analysis in this research using Spradley's method. From this research, it can be seen that the teachers has enough willingness to apply scientific approach totally. Furthermore, the implementation of scientific approach has been implemented well enough and has implemented it in accordance with government regulation.
Background: This study aims to explain the way appraisal resources in the political text are mediated in the translation. The exploitation of appraisal resources in the source text would determine the pattern used by text speakers in realizing text's purposes while anticipating and controlling the effect after these purposes are achieved. Furthermore, these evaluations are translated using various translation techniques, which would determine the quality as well as translators' interference and distortion in balancing the text's purposes and its aftermath. Methods: This descriptive qualitative study include the source of data that are four transcripts of press conference and media release from Australian government regarding Chan and Sukumaran's executions in English, and the translation in Bahasa Indonesia. There are 349 data of appraisal resources divided into solidarity and alignment expressions, selected through purposive sampling. Data were then classified into the respective appraisal categories, identified by the translation techniques, and analyzed to find the relation with the translation quality.Results: Majority of translation techniques used in solidarity expressions are Established Equivalent, Borrowing, and Literal that keep most of appraisal categories equivalent to those in the source text; while in alignment expressions are Established Equivalent, Reduction, and Modulation resulting in more deviations in the target text.Conclusion: Interference and distortion are used by translators, consciously or not, to realize text's goals while minimizing the aftermaths of negative evaluations. Keywords: appraisal, translation technique, translation quality, solidarity, alignment, interference, distortion
The aims of this research are to identify translation techniques and translation quality of swear words in subtitle film Yowis Ben 2. This research uses descriptive qualitative method. This qualitative descriptive research is an embedded-cased study and oriented to translation product. The source data of the research are Javanese swear word in subtitle film Yowis Ben 2. The data were collected by document analysis and FGD (Focus Group Discussion). The result of this research reveal that the translation techniques found in subtitle film Yowis Ben 2 are adaptation, establish equivalence, deletion, neutralization, borrowing, discursive creation and literal translation. Furthermore, the adaptation and establish equivalence techniques contributed positively in accuracy, acceptability and readability aspects. Meanwhile, deletion, neutralization, borrowing, discursive creation and literal translation decreased the translation quality.
Background: This paper seeks to shed some light concerning on evaluative language maintenance and shift at translation phenomenon of online news. Though this translation issue is frequently discussed in academic discourse, little has been concerned on comprehending to what extent the evaluation used in political news has been retained of shifted in their target texts. Methodology: Three political news articles published on 'The Conversation' online media were selected for the analysis. For doing so, appraisal system and translation technique theory-based concepts were adopted to guide the analysis as well as the discussion. We employed a noteworthy move in terms of data collection technique, that is focus-group discussion by involving a number of experts who are engaged in the field of linguistics and translation studies. Findings: This research findings can be understood as evaluative language maintenance dominating the data compared to translation shift. Translators attempted to bridge Indonesian readers by rendering some ideologically news, with the aim of knocking language distance down between English and Indonesian texts. Meanwhile, a plenty of translation techniques encourage translator awareness to take position upon rendering ideological news, in case of retaining, altering, as well as omitting the constructed meanings. Conclusion: It is pivotal, as a consequence, to increase news translators' awareness of understanding attitude constructed in political news. Otherwise, there will be reframing phenomena as the cause of translators' intervention depriving readers' rights to understand mass media attitude. Keywords: evaluative language; translation; political news
This study aims to describe the role of external conjunction on Al-Qu'ran Surah Thaha translated by Marmaduke Pickthall, a British Muslim and Koranic translator in early 19th century. The objective study is the conjunction on the Moses story in Al-Qur'an Surah Thaha. The data source from Al-Qur'an website www.altafsir.com, Jordania. These research method is descriptive qualitative with content analysis. There are 120 data identified as external conjunctions, namely: and (82 data), so (11 data), but (8), then (19 data). All the conjunction are classified based on external conjunctions by Martin and Rose (2003). The findings are: and as adding information or connecting argument; so, but as logical consequences, then as temporal consequences. The results, conjunctions represent a process of adding, comparing, sequencing, explaining the causes between figures, event, idea and things with logical connections. Finally, conjunctions link the ideation in the text as semantic system in discourse and creates cohesion of the story.
Politeness strategies show how people maintain and save other's face in communication. Indonesian people tend to used negative politeness to show respect to others through language, meanwhile English people tend to use positive politeness. This paper aims at examining the translation of politeness strategies of directive acts used by four characters in Dan Brown's novel entitled Deception Point and its two Indonesian translation versions. It is a qualitative research. Data were taken by using purposive sampling and analyzed by comparing linguistic markers of politeness strategies used by 2 male politicians and 2 female political advisors in giving directive acts in source text and translation texts. The result shows that: (1) all novels use more positive politeness strategies; (2) there is a tendency that the 2015 translation version used less negative politeness strategies than the old translation version; (3) It reveals that politeness stratagies in giving directive act in the translation and rank of imposition (illocution force) are changed. As a literary work, it could be the reflection of Indonesian language condition today or would influence the reader's politeness strategies.
