Suchergebnisse

Language is the medium of communication and interaction in words or sign format. Simple and easy access to mobile held devices and popularity of social media has revolutionized the way people used to communicate with each other. The information generated in the past two years is many times greater than the information generated since data storage technology inceptions. The Urdu language has emerged since the 6th century from other languages like Arabic, Hindi, Persian, Prakrit, and Sanskrit and it is the national language of Pakistan. Even after being used widely in all public, official and media use of this language is limited to speaking and reading. This study will be conducted during Pakistan general elections 2018, which is an advantage of analyzing Urdu as the whole nation is engaged in social media promoting their political parties and the amount of information generated during this time will be large. However, the challenge of identification of tweet corpse difficult remains due to the intensive use of Roman Urdu.

In pre-Islamic era, the Arabs practiced many vices and abominable acts which were extremely harmful for the individuals as well as the society. The evil practices and habits were a direct result of the Arabs' polytheistic beliefs which had cast negative impact on every aspect of their lives and collective behaviour. The abominations were so deeply entrenched in their psyche that it was next to impossible to break their habits within a short span of time and replace them with new and better ones. So, the Qur'ān and Prophet's shariah adopted gradual approach to reform the character of entire Arabia and this approach is called 'shaping' in modern psychology. It is a process of learning a certain behaviour in a gradual manner through a series of reinforcements. Thus, the Arabs did not quit all their vices at once just after a single order; it took a certain period of time as the Qur'ān gradually revealed instructions as per the recipients' psychological preparedness and finally brought about a revival which was unprecedented in the history of mankind. This article explains the conditions, habits and difficulties found in pre-Islam Arabs' lifestyle and how the Qur'ān and shariah exercised 'shaping' to reform them.

The current research analyzes Nadeem Aslam's Maps for Lost Lovers and Kamila Shamsie's Home Fire in the light of the concept of ambivalence, hybridity, and mimicry, and the way these texts establish a connection with trans-culturalism, terrorism, and Islamophobia. If Shamsie's novel Home Fire highlights the issue of fundamentalism and its effect on the distorted image of Muslim immigrants, similarly, Aslam's counsels cultural
hybridity among diversity and heterogeneity for lasting peace and prosperity in diasporic societies. The present study not only explores the feelings of alienation, ambivalence and interdependency of trans-culturalism but also sheds impartial light on the clash of cultures and the subsequent issues, such as subjugation, exploitation, victimization, and injustice meted out to the Muslim Community across the globe on foreign soil. The researchers have adapted qualitative and descriptive methods while relying on the thorough reading of the selected British-Asian novels as well as the related critical reviews.

Self-esteem describes a person's overall sense of self-worth or personal value. It is often seen as a personality trait, which means that it tends to be stable and enduring. Self-Esteem can involve a variety of beliefs about self, such as the appraisal of one's own appearance, beliefs, emotions and behavior. The target population of this study was the students of universities at Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Data was collected through a stratified random sampling technique. Two universities were selected, and an equal number of students from each university was targeted to constitute a sample of 510 respondents. Data were analyzed with various statistics, which provided an insight that students differ in terms of self-esteem. It was concluded that Younger students (1st and 2nd semester) experience higher self-esteem than the older students; younger students also have higher scores on selfacceptance and self-competence, and academic competence, while older students (3rd & 4th semester) have a higher score on physical and social competence.

The study investigates the influence of teaching methods, the school environment, and the home environment on academic stress. Future concerns related to career choices are also explored. Thematic analysis is applied to discern patterns from interviews, with a primary goal of understanding how academic stress impacts student performance. The paper discusses various contributors to academic stress, including teacher expectations and the school environment. Utilizing a qualitative research design, the study employs purposive sampling across ten public secondary schools in the Vehari district. Semi-structured interviews with students are conducted, targeting a sample of ten students from five schools. Data collection involves face-to-face interviews, recorded and transcribed for thematic analysis. The conclusion summarizes the pervasive nature of academic stress and highlights students' delicate balance. Coping mechanisms, especially a supportive home study environment, are emphasized. The study concludes with practical recommendations for teachers, emphasizing constructive feedback and the creation of an equitable and supportive classroom atmosphere.

Using a mixed-methods approach, this study explores the impact of administrator leadership styles on school improvement in secondary schools. The research delves into the multifaceted nature of leadership within educational settings, specifically focusing on how various leadership styles employed by administrators contribute to or hinder the school improvement process. The study utilizes quantitative and qualitative methods to examine the intricate dynamics at play comprehensively. The mixed methods design leverages the strengths of each approach, providing a comprehensive understanding of the research topic. The quantitative instrument, comprising 39 statements characterizing leadership behavior advocated for 21st-century school leaders, is the Leadership Behavior Inventory. The study identifies specific participants based on quantitative findings, enriching the qualitative phase. Support for professional development, fair decision-making, emotional intelligence, and adept conflict resolution strategies contribute to a positive and growth-oriented school culture. The study highlights the adaptability of administrators to change as positively impacting the school environment. These findings underscore the intricate interplay of leadership styles in shaping the school's culture and influencing its trajectory toward improvement.

This study examines the traditional teaching methods employed in large classes within public sector colleges in Punjab at the intermediate level. Additionally, it proposes alternative approaches and strategies for instructors to manage large English classes effectively. Data was collected using a survey research strategy, employing mixed-method research techniques. Qualitative data were gathered through interviews with English teachers from selected public sector boys' colleges in major cities of Punjab. Quantitative data were collected via a questionnaire with closed-ended items administered to students within the study sample. Three public sector colleges from the target population were randomly selected for data collection. The study utilized six structured interviews with English teachers and received 60 completed questionnaires from intermediate students as data collection tools. To enhance outcomes in large language classes, teachers should concentrate on activity-based teaching, collaborative instruction, and the utilization of group work or interactive approaches. There is a pressing need for government intervention to facilitate the improvement and advancement of public sector colleges.

Coxiellosis, a zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetii, acts as a major trade barricade and adversely affects the productive and reproductive capabilities of animals. This study was planned to investigate the sero-prevalence of Coxiellosis and its relationship with some important risk factors in small ruminants kept at nine government livestock farms of Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 1000 blood samples (500 each from goats and sheep) were collected from animals kept at the respective livestock farms. An indirect-Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (iELISA) was used to detect anti-C. burnetii antibodies in the serum. Serological analysis revealed overall flock-level sero-prevalence of 92.3% which varied from 88.88% in sheep and 100% in goat, while individual level sero-prevalence was 15.6% in sheep and 15.0% in goats, the difference being non-significant. A significant (P<0.05) association was found between seropositivity against C. burnetii and variables like livestock farm, type of farming, region (locality of farm), presence of ticks, animal health status and season of sampling. In conclusion, the study indicates the occurrence of antibodies to C. burnetii at the government livestock farms included in the study.

This qualitative research study examines the multifaceted impact of training programs on educational performance within educational institutions, focusing on the Layyah district. The study sample consists of ten secondary school teachers selected from different schools in the Layyah district. Through thematic analysis of key themes, including improved instructional strategies, improved classroom management, technology integration, increased collaboration among educators, implementation challenges, and success factors, essential insights are uncovered to optimize the effectiveness of training initiatives. The findings highlight the importance of a culture of continuous learning among teachers, supported by clear communication, strong leadership, and comprehensive support. Furthermore, for successful implementation, embracing technology integration and addressing challenges such as resistance to change and resource limitations is essential. Recommendations include allocating adequate resources, promoting collaboration, embracing technology integration, and providing ongoing support mechanisms. Emphasis is also placed on continuous monitoring and evaluation of training programs to ensure alignment with changing needs and maximize impact on teaching performance and student outcomes. This study provides practical guidance to educational institutions seeking to improve teaching effectiveness through targeted training initiatives, ultimately benefiting teachers and students.