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This report is part of the study "Social enterprises and their ecosystems in Europe" and it provides an overview of the social enterprise landscape in Luxembourg based on available information as of November 2019. It describes the roots and drivers of social enterprises in the country as well as their conceptual, fiscal and legal framework. It includes an estimate of the number of organisations and outlines the ecosystem as well as some perspectives for the future of social enterprises in the country. This publication is an outcome of an assignment financed entirely by the European Union Programme for Employment and Social Innovation "EaSI" (2014-2020). For further information please consult: http://ec.europa.eu/social/easi

SummaryWe test the relationship between the use of social networking sites (SNS) and a proxy of utility, i.e. subjective well‐being (SWB), using instrumental variables. Additionally, we disentangle the indirect effects of SNS on well‐being mediated by face‐to‐face interactions and social trust using a structural equation model. Results suggest that the use of SNS hampers people's well‐being directly and indirectly, through its negative effects on social trust. However, the use of SNS also has a positive impact on well‐being because it increases the probability of face‐to‐face interactions. Yet, the net effect of the use of SNS for SWB remains negative.

"Recent studies documented that survey data contain duplicate records. We assess how duplicate records affect regression estimates, and we evaluate the effectiveness of solutions to deal with duplicate records. Results show that the chances of obtaining unbiased estimates when data contain 40 doublets (about 5% of the sample) range between 3.5% and 11.5% depending on the distribution of duplicates. If 7 quintuplets are present in the data (2% of the sample), then the probability of obtaining biased estimates ranges between 11% and 20%. Weighting the duplicate records by the inverse of their multiplicity, or dropping superfluous duplicates outperform other solutions in all considered scenarios. Our results illustrate the risk of using data in presence of duplicate records and call for further research on strategies to analyze affected data." (author's abstract)

A series of crises, culminating with COVID-19, shows that going "Beyond GDP" is urgently necessary. Social and environmental degradation are consequences of emphasizing GDP as a measure of progress. This degradation created the conditions for the COVID-19 pandemic and limited the efficacy of counter-measures. Additionally, rich countries did not fare much better during the pandemic than poor ones. COVID-19 thrived on inequalities and lack of cooperation. In this article, we leverage on defensive growth theory to explain the relationships between these factors, and we put forward the idea of neo-humanism, a cultural movement grounded on evidence from quality-of-life studies. The movement proposes a new culture leading towards a socially and environmentally sustainable future. Specifically, neo-humanism suggests that prioritizing well-being by, for instance promoting social relations, would benefit the environment, and enable collective action to address public issues. This, in turn, would positively affect productivity and health - among other behavioral outcomes - and thereby instill a virtuous cycle. Such a society would have been better endowed to cope with COVID-19, and possibly even prevented the pandemic. Neo-humanism proposes a world in which the well-being of people comes before the well-being of markets, in which promoting cooperation and social relations represents the starting point for better lives, and a peaceful and respectful coexistence with other species on Earth.

"We compare subjective well-being measures collected with a web and telephone surveys to test whether survey mode affects people's evaluations of their well-being. We use unique, nationally representative data from Luxembourg which contains five measures of subjective well-being collected through web and telephone surveys. Oaxaca decomposition and multinomial logit with Coarsened Exact Matching indicate that the survey mode affects peoples' well-being scores. Web respondents are more likely to report low well-being and less likely to report the neutral category. However, the consequences for statistical inference are negligible. Our results support the view that web and telephone surveys are comparable tools for collecting subjective data, such as people's well-being." (author's abstract)

Studies in the social capital literature have documented two stylised facts: first, a decline in measures
of social participation has occurred in many OECD countries. Second, and more recently, the success of
social networking sites (SNSs) has resulted in a steep rise in online social participation. Our study adds
to this body of research by conducting the first empirical assessment of how online networking affects
two economically relevant aspects of social capital, i.e. trust and sociability. We find that participation
in SNSs such as Facebook and Twitter has a positive effect on face-to-face interactions. However,
social trust decreases with online interactions. We argue that the rising practice of hate speech may
play a crucial role in the destruction of trust.