Suchergebnisse

AbstractHow far, if at all, did the intellectual legacy of early 20th-century Muslim reformism inform the transformative process which Islam underwent in Soviet Central Asia, especially after WWII? Little has been done so far to analyze the output of Muslim scholars (ʿulamāʾ) operating under Soviet rule from the perspective of earlier Islamic intellectual traditions. The present essay addresses this problem and sheds light on manifestations of continuity among Islamic intellectual practices—mostly puritanical—from the period immediately before the October Revolution to the 1950s. Such a continuity, we argue, profoundly informed the activity of the Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of Central Asia and Kazakhstan (SADUM) established in Tashkent in 1943 and, more specifically, the latter's attack against manifestations of religiosity deemed "popular," which were connected to the cult of saints. Thus, this essay posits that the juristic output of Soviet ʻulamā' in Central Asia originates from and further develops an Islamic reformist thinking, which manifested itself in the region in the late 19th- and early 20th-century. By establishing such an intellectual genealogy, we seek in this article to revise a historiographical narrative which has hitherto tended to decouple scripturalist sensibilities from Islamic reformism and modernism.

AbstractThis essay argues that recent theoretical literature on the archive contains critical insights for studies of Islamic documents, while also pushing to move beyond some of the core assumptions of that same literature. There is no question that the fundamental concerns of an "archival turn" are every bit as relevant to studies of Islamic societies, past and present, as they are to European-dominated ones. Yet investigating Islamic "archives" presents the challenge of coming to terms with a concept—the archive—and an attending set of assumptions and theoretical baggage derived almost exclusively from European history. To address this challenge, we propose that employing the term "cultures of documentation" offers a way of having one's cake and eating it too. In deploying this expression, we signal that there existed multitudes of textual practices and record-keeping activities in the pre-industrial Islamic world, and that it is possible to move away from "archive" as a term without abandoning the core insights and questions of the historical literature built around it.

Abstract
This essay aims to provide some analytical foundations for the study of legal pluralism in Muslim-majority colonies. Specifically, we contend that the incorporation of Islamic law into the colonial legal systems should be distinguished from the process of integration and codification of oral customs. As Islamic law constitutes a well-established legal system, based on written traditions and on elaborate institutions of learning and adjudication, its incorporation into the colonial legal system carried with it a number of implications. These are discussed, as are the tripartite relations that often emerge in Muslim-majority colonies between statutory laws, Islamic, and customary laws (ʿādat, ʿurf). The final section of the essay aims to present the articles included in this special issue and to place them within this broad context.
Le présent article vise à établir des fondements théoriques à l'étude du pluralisme juridique dans les colonies à majorité musulmane. Il insiste en particulier sur la nécessité qu'il y a à distinguer l'incorporation de la loi islamique aux systèmes juridiques coloniaux, du processus d'intégration et de codification du droit coutumier non écrit. La loi islamique constitue un système bien établi, fondé sur des traditions écrites et pourvu d'institutions de formation et d'exercice complexes. Son incorporation au sein du système juridique colonial a entraîné un certain nombre de conséquences spécifiques, qui sont analysées ici. Une attention particulière est en outre accordée aux relations triangulaires qui se font jour entre loi statutaire, loi islamique et droit coutumier (ʿādat, ʿurf) dans les colonies à majorité musulmane. Enfin, la dernière partie est consacrée à la présentation des articles réunis dans le numéro spécial dédié à ces enjeux.

Introduction -- The Islamic juridical field of Islamic central Asia (1785-1916) -- Native judges into colonial scapegoats -- The bureaucratization of land tenure -- Annulling charitable endowments -- Fatwas for Muslims, opinions for Russians -- Epilogue : the legacy: opportunities from colonialism

Studies the formulation, transmission and application of Islamic law under Russian colonial rulePresents the theory and application of Islamic law in the Volga-Ural region, the Kazakh Steppe, the north Caucasus and Central Asia from the 1550s to 1917Draws comparisons between Islamic law in Russia and elsewhere in the colonial worldBased upon important, but largely unstudied print and manuscript sources in Arabic, Persian and the Turkic languagesBrings together the work of an international collective of scholars of Islam in RussiaThis book looks at how Islamic law was practiced in Russia from the conquest of the empire's first Muslim territories in the mid-1500s to the Russian Revolution of 1917, when the empire's Muslim population had exceeded 20 million. It focuses on the training of Russian Muslim jurists, the debates over legal authority within Muslim communities and the relationship between Islamic law and 'customary' law. Based upon difficult to access sources written in a variety of languages (Arabic, Chaghatay, Kazakh, Persian, Tatar), it offers scholars of Russian history, Islamic history and colonial history an account of Islamic law in Russia of the same quality and detail as the scholarship currently available on Islam in the British and French colonial empires

Pianciola, Niccolò ; Sartori, Paolo: Waqf in Turkestan : the colonial legacy and the fate of an Islamic institution in early Soviet Central Asia, 1917-1924. - S. 465-473 Teichmann, Christian: Canals, cotton, and the limits of de-colonization in Soviet Uzbekistan, 1924-1941. - S. 475-498 The reconquest of East Bukhara : the struggle against the Basmachi as a prelude to Sovietization. - S.521-538 Kale-Lostuvali, Elif: Varieties of musical nationalism in Soviet Uzbekistan. - S. 539-558 Sahadeo, Jeff: Druzhba Narodov or second-class citizenship? Soviet Asian migrants in a post-colonial world. - S. 559-679 Edgar, Adrienne Lynn: Marriage, modernity, and the "friendship of nations" : interethnic intimacy in post-war Central Asia in comparative perspective. - S. 581-599 Kandiyoti, Deniz: The politics of gender and the Soviet paradox : neither colonized, nor modern? S. 601-623