Suchergebnisse

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of Tables, Boxes and Figures -- About the Authors -- Acknowledgements -- Part I: Sustainable Cities: An Introduction -- 1: The Key Issues and the Works Included -- 2: Achieving Sustainability: Reform or Transformation? -- Part II: Linking Sustainable Development and Cities -- 3: Cities as Solutions in an Urbanizing World -- 4: Environmental Justice and the Sustainable City -- 5: Sustainable Cities or Cities that Contribute to Sustainable Development? -- 6: Sustainability, Poverty and Urban Environmental Transitions -- Further Reading -- Part III: Different Sectoral Programmes that Contribute to the Achievement of Sustainable Development Goals in Cities -- 7: Health: Creating Healthy Cities in the 21st Century -- 8: Transport: Reducing Automobile Dependence -- 9: Production: Producing, Providing, Trading: Manufacturing Industry and Sustainable Cities -- 10: Agriculture: Urban Agriculture for Sustainable Cities: Using Wastes and Idle Land and Water Bodies as Resources -- 11: Building and Designing with Nature: Urban Design -- 12: Planning: Green Cities, Growing Cities, Just Cities? Urban Planning and the Contradictions of Sustainable Development -- 13: Resources: Resource Conservation and Waste Management -- Further Reading -- Part IV: Seeking Action at City Level -- 14: Agenda 21: A Form of Joint Environmental Management in Manizales, Colombia -- 15: Let's Build Cities for Life - The National Campaign of Local Agenda 21s in Peru -- 16: Developing Indicators of Sustainable Community: Lessons from Sustainable Seattle -- 17: Indicators and Information Systems for Sustainable Development -- 18: Is There Method in our Measurement? The Use of Indicators in Local Sustainable Development Planning -- Further Reading.

This article suggests that there is little evidence of urban poverty being a significant contributor to environmental degradation but strong evidence that urban environmental hazards are major contributors to urban poverty. The article considers the link between poverty and different categories of environmental hazards (biological pathogens, chemical pollutants, and physical hazards). It then considers the links between poverty and high use of nonrenewable resources, degradation of renewable resources such as soil and fresh water, and high levels of biodegradable and nonbiodegradable waste generation. This shows how environmental degradation is more associated with the consumption patterns of middle-and upper-income groups and the failure of governments to implement effective environmental policies than with urban poverty. The article also highlights how good governance is at the core of poverty reduction and how meeting the environmental health needs of poorer groups need not imply greater environmental degradation.

This article suggests that there is little evidence of urban poverty being a significant contributor to environmental degradation but strong evidence that urban environmental hazards are major contributors to urban poverty. The article considers the link between poverty & different categories of environmental hazards (biological pathogens, chemical pollutants, & physical hazards). It then considers the links between poverty & high use of nonrenewable resources, degradation of renewable resources such as soil & fresh water, & high levels of biodegradable & nonbiodegradable waste generation. This shows how environmental degradation is more associated with the consumption patterns of middle- & upper-income groups & the failure of governments to implement effective environmental policies than with urban poverty. The article also highlights how good governance is at the core of poverty reduction & how meeting the environmental health needs of poorer groups need not imply greater environmental degradation. 1 Table, 39 References. [Copyright 2003 Sage Publications, Inc.]

Este artículo esboza un marco para evaluar el desempeño ambiental de las ciudades en relación con el cumplimiento de las metas del desarrollo sustentable. También considera la manera como éstas se ajustan a las metas sociales, económicas y políticas del desarrollo sustentable y menciona las estructuras nacionales y contextos internacionales necesarios para estimular a los consumidores, empresas y gobiernos urbanos a progresar hacia su cumplimiento. En una sección final se considera el grado al cual las recomendaciones de la conferencia Hábitat II ayudaron a estimular a los gobiernos nacionales y a las autoridades urbanas y municipales para cumplir con esos propósitos.

Annotation

Ante las proyecciones de la población urbana para el año 2000 elaboradas por la Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU), así como su pronóstico acerca del crecimiento de las ciudades del Tercer Mundo, este artículo cuestiona la validez de los datos utilizados para pronosticar el cambio urbano en el Tercer Mundo. Posteriormente se analiza la posibilidad de hacer generalizaciones válidas sobre el cambio urbano en el Tercer Mundo, en vista de la diversidad de estructuras económicas, tasas de crecimiento poblacional, niveles de ingreso per cápita y cantidad de población. Para ello se incluye un análisis por separado para América Latina, Asia y África sobre algunos de los factores que influyen sobre los cambios urbanos entre 1960 y principios de 1980. Con base en esa reseña se evalúa la validez de las proyecciones de las Naciones Unidas para los futuros niveles de urbanización por países o para las futuras poblaciones de ciertas ciudades del Tercer Mundo.