Suchergebnisse

Urban landscapes include social and cultural practices and values and the intangible dimensions of heritage as related to diversity and identity. According to UNESCO, all these practices, representations, expressions, knowledge, skills as well as the instruments, objects, artefacts and cultural spaces, that communities, groups, and in some cases, individuals recognize as part of their cultural heritage. Through these cultural system elements that base the society's origins, the society links with the past and its previous generations. The intangible heritage, transmitted from generation to generation, is constantly recreated by communities and groups in response to their environment, their interaction with nature and their history, and provides them with a sense of identity and human creativity. istiklal Avenue in other words "Cadde-i Kebir/ Grande Rue de Pera ", located in the historic Pera region, is among the significant areas with both tangible and intangible features regard to cultural heritage in Istanbul. Beyoğlu has hosted great civilizations throughout the history such as Roman Empire, Ottoman Empire. During the Ottoman Period, because of increase in Istanbul population and embassies were not asked to stay in Bab-ı Ali area most of the embassies resided in Beyoğlu in the 15th century. In the 16th century, French Embassy moved to Beyoğlu. Due to the French Embassy located in the area and other embassies moved Beyoğlu too such as English, Holland, and the minority population in Beyoğlu has increased significantly in the 17th century. Beyoğlu was the center of the trade so its development accelerated in the 19th century, istiklal Avenue encircled by buildings mostly from late 19th and early 20th centuries that were designed with different architectural styles. The avenue begins with the Galata Tower, a medieval Genoese structure, and reach out to the Taksim Square. It retains its popularity and host crowds for years. During the Ottoman period, it was one of the most popular spot among Ottomans, Europeans and local Levantines. The cosmopolitan avenue is surrounded by significant buildings and spaces in terms of political, historical and social aspects such as Deveaux Apartments, Cercle d'Orient, Narmanh Han, Taksim Maksemi and Metro Han. Social structure and its changes have been influential in the production of cultural heritage. Between Galatasaray and Taksim has filled with entertainment places, casinos, hotels, theaters. Among these important structures there were also temporary spaces that produced for social functions such as entertainment. Entertainment areas were in the forefront of these temporary spaces with their miraculous objects and talented entertainers.This study seeks to explore the intangible dimensions of istiklal Avenue related to cultural memory/heritage and focus on underline them in terms of sustaining social identity. To examine this, study reveals personal and governmental archives, news from old newspapers and reminiscence of society. Also, it observes and analyses the current situation of the avenue and its future scenarios.

[EN] İstanbul owns a historical texture rich in architecture, culture, and memory, which are seen in very few metropolises. This city, which has undergone many changes due to social, political, and cultural reasons, has begun to lose its many important values day by day. The biggest reason for this is that the city is culturally vibrant, so that it is desired to be transformed into a source of political income. However, solutions that will strengthen the current situation of İstanbul as a whole and ensure its continuation on solid foundations should be determined and implemented. In this study, Beyoğlu district is considered as the pilot area, one of the rare regions that this wealth has survived to the present day. The first aim of this study is to determine the reasons and purposes for the unnecessary reconstructions of historical buildings located in Beyoğlu, far from their original look, so-called facadism. The second aim of this study is to identify the changes made on the facades in terms of culture and memory and propose suggestions by using photographing, literature review, and analysis with collage methods. In the study, three of the selected four buildings are located on İstiklal street, the other one on Sıraselviler street, two places where the rapid structural/architectural identity transformation in the last 15-20 years can be seen most clearly. As a result of this study, it has been determined that the functions of historical buildings are being degenerated. Their facades are only kept as masks, and the architectural memory is devolved in this way. ; [CA] Istanbul posseeix una textura històrica rica en arquitectura, cultura i memòria, que es veu en molt poques metròpolis. Aquesta ciutat, que ha patit molts canvis per motius socials, polítics i culturals, ha començat a perdre dia a dia els seus molts i importants valors. La raó més gran és que la ciutat és culturalment vibrant, per la qual cosa es desitja transformar-la en una font d'ingressos polítics. No obstant això, cal determinar i aplicar ...

İstanbul owns a historical texture rich in architecture, culture, and memory, which are seen in very few metropolises. This city, which has undergone many changes due to social, political, and cultural reasons, has begun to lose its many important values day by day. The biggest reason for this is that the city is culturally vibrant, so that it is desired to be transformed into a source of political income. However, solutions that will strengthen the current situation of İstanbul as a whole and ensure its continuation on solid foundations should be determined and implemented. In this study, Beyoğlu district is considered as the pilot area, one of the rare regions that this wealth has survived to the present day. The first aim of this study is to determine the reasons and purposes for the unnecessary reconstructions of historical buildings located in Beyoğlu, far from their original look, so-called facadism. The second aim of this study is to identify the changes made on the facades in terms of culture and memory and propose suggestions by using photographing, literature review, and analysis with collage methods. In the study, three of the selected four buildings are located on İstiklal street, the other one on Sıraselviler street, two places where the rapid structural/architectural identity transformation in the last 15-20 years can be seen most clearly. As a result of this study, it has been determined that the functions of historical buildings are being degenerated. Their facades are only kept as masks, and the architectural memory is devolved in this way. ; Istanbul posseeix una textura històrica rica en arquitectura, cultura i memòria, que es veu en molt poques metròpolis. Aquesta ciutat, que ha patit molts canvis per motius socials, polítics i culturals, ha començat a perdre dia a dia els seus molts i importants valors. La raó més gran és que la ciutat és culturalment vibrant, per la qual cosa es desitja transformar-la en una font d'ingressos polítics. No obstant això, cal determinar i aplicar solucions que reforcen la situació actual d'Istanbul en el seu conjunt i garantisquen la seua continuïtat sobre bases sòlides. En aquest estudi es considera com a zona pilot el districte de Beyoğlu, una de les rares regions en les quals aquesta riquesa ha sobreviscut fins als nostres dies. El primer objectiu d'aquest estudi és determinar les raons i propòsits de les reconstruccions innecessàries dels edificis històrics situats en Beyoğlu, allunyats del seu aspecte original, l'anomenat "Facadism." El segon objectiu d'aquest estudi és identificar els canvis realitzats en les façanes en termes de cultura i memòria i proposar suggeriments mitjançant l'ús de la fotografia, la revisió de la literatura i l'anàlisi amb mètodes de collage. En l'estudi, tres dels quatre edificis seleccionats estan situats al carrer İstiklal, i l'altre al carrer Sıraselviler, dos llocs en els quals s'aprecia més clarament la ràpida transformació estructural/arquitectònica de la identitat en els últims 15-20 anys. Com a resultat d'aquest estudi, s'ha determinat que les funcions dels edificis històrics s'estan degenerant. Les seues façanes només es conserven com a màscares, i la memòria arquitectònica es degrada d'aquesta manera. ; Estambul posee una textura histórica rica en arquitectura, memoria y cultura, como muy pocas otras metrópolis. Esta ciudad, que ha protagonizado numerosos cambios debido a razones sociales, políticas y culturales, ha empezado a perder muchos valores importantes paulatinamente. El motivo fundamental de todo esto es que la ciudad es culturalmente vibrante y ello conlleva que muchos quieran transformarla en una fuente de beneficio político. Sin embargo, es necesario elaborar e implementar soluciones que fortalezcan la situación actual de Estambul como un todo y que asegure su continuidad sobre unas bases sólidas. En este estudio, el distrito de Beyoğlu servirá de área piloto, ya que es una de las pocas zonas en la que esta riqueza ha llegado hasta nuestros días. El primer objetivo de este estudio es determinar las razones y motivos para la innecesaria reconstrucción de edificios históricos localizados en Beyoğlu muy lejanos de su configuración original, catalogable por tanto de fachadismo. El segundo objetivo de este estudio es identificar los cambios realizados en dichas fachadas en términos de cultura y memoria, y aportar sugerencias mediante fotografías, revisión de bibliografía y análisis mediante collage. En este estudio, tres de los cuatro edificios seleccionados están en la calle İstiklal y el cuarto en la calle Sıraselviler, dos lugares en los que la rápida transformación de la identidad a nivel estructural y arquitectónico en los últimos 15 o 20 años puede verse más claramente. Como resultado de este estudio, se ha comprobado que las funciones de los edificios históricos han sido pervertidas. Sus fachadas se mantienen sólo como máscaras y la memoria arquitectónica está, consecuentemente, perdida. ; Istanbul possède une texture historique riche en architecture, mémoire et culture, comme très peu d'autres métropoles. Cette ville, protagoniste de nombreux changements dus à des raisons sociales, politiques et culturelles, a commencé à perdre peu à peu beaucoup de valeurs importantes. La raison fondamentale de cela est son caractère culturellement vibrant, ce qui comporte que beaucoup veuillent la transformer en une source de profit politique. Cependant, il faut élaborer et mettre en oeuvre des solutions renforçant la situation actuelle d'Istanbul en tant qu'ensemble et qui soient capables d'assurer sa continuité sur des fondements solides. Dans cette étude, le district de Beyoğlu servira de zone pilote, puisqu'il s'agit d'une des rares zones qui ont transmis cette richesse jusqu'à nos jours. Le premier objectif de cette étude est de déterminer les raisons de la reconstruction inutile de bâtiments historiques localisés à Beyoğlu et très éloignés de leur configuration originelle, ce qui est catalogué donc de façadisme. Le second objectif de cette étude est d'identifier les changements réalisés sur ces façades en termes de culture et de mémoire, et d'apporter des propositions moyennant des photos, d'une révision de bibliographie et d'une analyse sur collage. Trois des bâtiments choisis dans cette étude se trouvent dans la rue İstiklal, et le quatrième dans la rue Sıraselviler : deux endroits où l'on peut voir plus nettement la rapide transformation de l'identité au niveau structural et architectural des dernières 15 ou 20 années. Le résultat de cette étude constate que les fonctions de ces bâtiments historiques ont été perverties. Leurs façades sont maintenues uniquement en tant que des masques, et par conséquent la mémoire architecturale a été perdue.