Suchergebnisse

Agricultural production depends on the consumption of nitrogen fertilizers, which are mostly produced by artificially fixing inert atmospheric N2 gas. Crops assimilate a fraction of the applied nitrogen (N) on farmlands, and the residual inorganic N in the soil solution is lost to the atmosphere and oceans, contributing to global climate change, water pollution and eutrophication. There is worldwide evidence indicating that N‐fertilizers are overused beyond profit‐maximizing levels, leading to dramatically low nitrogen use efficiencies. In this study, we focus on the problem of residual nitrogen accumulation on farmlands and the role of information feedback on fertilizer application rates. The vehicle is dynamic simulation and decision experimentation. Results of pilot experiments with students reveal that annual information feedback on farm profits and residual N help subjects adjust their rates towards economically meaningful quantities that do not create superfluous N losses. Because in real life, cause‐and‐effect between fertilizer rates and crop yields is confounded by various environmental factors, timely information on residual N may serve as a better cue for informing farmers' fertilizer decisions. When applied to farmer communities, the simulator is expected to facilitate learning about soil N accumulation and create the missing incentive for implementing regular soil analysis likely to lead towards more appropriate fertilizer rates. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The report on the "Participatory Systems Mapping and the Conceptual Model" is the milestone number D4.2 of the "Innovative and Sustainable Groundwater Management in the Mediterranean" Grant Agreement Number 1923 project. ; This project is part of the PRIMA Programme supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No 1923

The report on the "First Living Lab guiding problem identification and system characterization" is the milestone number M4.1 of the "Innovative and Sustainable Groundwater Management in the Mediterranean" Grant Agreement Number 1923 project. ; This project is part of the PRIMA Programme supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No 1923

The report on the "First Living Lab guiding problem identification and system characterization" is the milestone number M4.1 of the "Innovative and Sustainable Groundwater Management in the Mediterranean" Grant Agreement Number 1923 project. ; This project is part of the PRIMA Programme supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No 1923

The report on the "Social-economic system characterization, stakeholder mapping and water governance for selected case studies" is the deliverable number D4.1 of the "Innovative and Sustainable Groundwater Management in the Mediterranean" Grant Agreement Number 1923 project. ; This project is part of the PRIMA Programme supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No 1923.

The report on the "Social-economic system characterization, stakeholder mapping and water governance for selected case studies" is the deliverable number D4.1 of the "Innovative and Sustainable Groundwater Management in the Mediterranean" Grant Agreement Number 1923 project. ; This project is part of the PRIMA Programme supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No 1923.

This report is part of Task 3.2 "Training and validation of the models in the case studies. The aim of milestone M3.2 is to outline the surrogate models implemented for each study case. Their evaluation and performance are discussed. Two types of smart models were developed: the first type is developed based on long-time historical data, the so-called data-driven models; the second one is built on the basis of available numerical model. For each pilot site, the objectives of the surrogate model, the description of the complete numerical model or available data, the description of the surrogate model and the preliminary evaluation of the performance are presented. ; This project is part of the PRIMA Programme supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No 19223

Humanity is on a deeply unsustainable trajectory. We are exceeding planetary boundaries and unlikely to meet many international sustainable development goals and global environmental targets. Until recently, there was no broadly accepted framework of interventions that could ignite the transformations needed to achieve these desired targets and goals. As a component of the IPBES Global Assessment, we conducted an iterative expert deliberation process with an extensive review of scenarios and pathways to sustainability, including the broader literature on indirect drivers, social change and sustainability transformation. We asked, what are the most important elements of pathways to sustainability? Applying a social–ecological systems lens, we identified eight priority points for intervention (leverage points) and five overarching strategic actions and priority interventions (levers), which appear to be key to societal transformation. The eight leverage points are: (1) Visions of a good life, (2) Total consumption and waste, (3) Latent values of responsibility, (4) Inequalities, (5) Justice and inclusion in conservation, (6) Externalities from trade and other telecouplings, (7) Responsible technology, innovation and investment, and (8) Education and knowledge generation and sharing. The five intertwined levers can be applied across the eight leverage points and more broadly. These include: (A) Incentives and capacity building, (B) Coordination across sectors and jurisdictions, (C) Pre-emptive action, (D) Adaptive decision-making and (E) Environmental law and implementation. The levers and leverage points are all non-substitutable, and each enables others, likely leading to synergistic benefits. Transformative change towards sustainable pathways requires more than a simple scaling-up of sustainability initiatives—it entails addressing these levers and leverage points to change the fabric of legal, political, economic and other social systems. These levers and leverage points build upon those approved within the Global Assessment's Summary for Policymakers, with the aim of enabling leaders in government, business, civil society and academia to spark transformative changes towards a more just and sustainable world. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article. ; Fil: Chan, Kai M. A. University of British Columbia; Canadá ; Fil: Boyd, David R. University of British Columbia; Canadá ; Fil: Gould, Rachelle. University of Vermont; Estados Unidos ; Fil: Jetzkowitz, Jens. Staatliches Museum fur Naturkunde Stuttgart; Alemania ; Fil: Liu, Jianguo. Michigan State University; Estados Unidos ; Fil: Muraca, Bárbara. 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PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency; Países Bajos ; Fil: Mohamed, Assem A. A. Central Laboratory for Agricultural Climate; Egipto ; Fil: Murray-Hudson, Mike. University Of Botswana; Botsuana ; Fil: O'Farrell, Patrick. University of Cape Town; Sudáfrica ; Fil: Palomo, Ignacio. Basque Centre for Climate Change; España ; Fil: Saysel, Ali Kerem. Boğaziçi University; Turquía ; Fil: Seppelt, Ralf. Martin-universität Halle-wittenberg; Alemania ; Fil: Settele, Josef. German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research-iDiv; Alemania ; Fil: Strassburg, Bernardo. International Institute for Sustainability, Estrada Dona Castorina; Brasil ; Fil: Xue, Dayuan. Minzu University Of China; China ; Fil: Brondízio, Eduardo S. Indiana University; Estados Unidos