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Using Leipzig as an example, Philipp Schäfer shows that the omnipresence of the provisional in the long summer of migration in 2015 was not the result of an abrupt crisis, but rather the result of longstanding disputes around questions of how to deal with refugees locally. Drawing on numerous interviews, observations and political documents, his sociological study demonstrates how the local governance of migration institutionalised provisionality and thus allowed refugees to be kept at a distance spatially, temporally and morally. - Am Beispiel von Leipzig zeigt Philipp Schäfer, dass die Allgegenwärtigkeit des Provisorischen im langen Sommer der Migration 2015 nicht das Ergebnis einer jähen Krise war, sondern das Resultat langjähriger Auseinandersetzungen rund um Fragen des Umgangs mit Geflüchteten vor Ort. Anhand von zahlreichen Interviews, Beobachtungen und politischen Dokumenten führt seine soziologische Untersuchung vor Augen, wie die lokale Regierung von Migration Vorläufigkeit institutionalisierte und es so erlaubte, Geflüchtete räumlich, zeitlich und moralisch auf Distanz zu halten.

Thomas Faist: Exit - Warum Menschen aufbrechen: globale Migration im 21. Jahrhundert. München: Verlag C.H. Beck 2022. 978-3-406-78235-0

Am Beispiel von Leipzig zeigt Philipp Schäfer, dass die Allgegenwärtigkeit des Provisorischen im langen Sommer der Migration 2015 nicht das Ergebnis einer jähen Krise war, sondern das Resultat langjähriger Auseinandersetzungen rund um Fragen des Umgangs mit Geflüchteten vor Ort. Anhand von zahlreichen Interviews, Beobachtungen und politischen Dokumenten führt seine soziologische Untersuchung vor Augen, wie die lokale Regierung von Migration Vorläufigkeit institutionalisierte und es so erlaubte, Geflüchtete räumlich, zeitlich und moralisch auf Distanz zu halten. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Am Beispiel von Leipzig zeigt der Autor, dass die Allgegenwärtigkeit des Provisorischen im langen Sommer der Migration 2015 nicht das Ergebnis einer jähen Krise war, sondern das Resultat langjähriger Auseinandersetzungen rund um Fragen des Umgangs mit Geflüchteten vor Ort. Anhand von zahlreichen Interviews, Beobachtungen und politischen Dokumenten führt seine soziologische Untersuchung vor Augen, wie die lokale Regierung von Migration Vorläufigkeit institutionalisierte und es so erlaubte, Geflüchtete räumlich, zeitlich und moralisch auf Distanz zu halten.

AbstractThe concept of Circular Economy (CE) and its main strategy recycling are seen as one of the most important measures to achieve sustainable development. Meanwhile, however, concerns are being raised in the scientific community about the conceptualization and orientation of CE. One major issue is that CE is in danger of becoming an end in itself, with the goal of completely closed material cycles. Its contribution to sustainable development is gradually fading into the background. To contribute to this ongoing discussion, we focus in our article on the recycling of metals as part of CE and its contribution to climate protection, as one of the main aspects of sustainable development. Based on life cycle assessment and substance flow modelling carried out in our previous works, we show that metal recycling in most cases requires much less energy and therefore results in much lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions than primary production. However, this is by no means without limitations. We show empirically that metal concentration is a significant factor that determines the energy required for recycling. If the metals are too diluted in the technosphere, as it is indeed the case for several metal applications, their recycling require much more energy than the alternative primary production, and thus intensifying rather than mitigating climate change.

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze whether urban tourism attractiveness affects young adult migration within Germany. Currently, factors like urban attractiveness, environmental qualities or vicinity to amenities play a more important role for the migration of young adults than in the past. This has highly asymmetric implications for the housing (and commercial real estate) markets in cities with an abundance of urban attractiveness, compared to cities without such attractions.


Design/methodology/approach
This analysis focuses on the internal migration of young adults (18-30-year-olds). First, some stylized facts regarding migration patterns are presented by means of descriptive and cluster analyses (k-means methodology) with respect to the net immigration rate for the two years, 2004 and 2014. Second, ordinary least squares-regression analyses are used to estimate the connection between urban tourism attractiveness and migration.


Findings
Young adults in Germany predominantly migrate to cities. The authors find typical migration patterns, and the regression results indicate that young adult migration is highly correlated with the indicator measuring urban tourism attractiveness. This means that urban attractions matter for young adults. Finally, the authors also find that housing rents are correlated with urban tourism attractiveness.


Practical implications
Good city planning must not only be concerned with new industrial sites, but also about esthetic neighborhoods and, for example, attractive squares. Moreover, because city structures and urban amenities are both path dependent and expensive to change, it is likely that the winning cities of today will remain winners in the next decade, which is good news for risk-averse investors.


Originality/value
To the best of the authors' knowledge, the paper provides the first empirical analysis of the connection between urban tourism attractiveness and the migration of young adults, in the context of German cities.

Am Beispiel von Leipzig zeigt Philipp Schäfer, dass die Allgegenwärtigkeit des Provisorischen im langen Sommer der Migration 2015 nicht das Ergebnis einer jähen Krise war, sondern das Resultat langjähriger Auseinandersetzungen rund um Fragen des Umgangs mit Geflüchteten vor Ort. Anhand von zahlreichen Interviews, Beobachtungen und politischen Dokumenten führt seine soziologische Untersuchung vor Augen, wie die lokale Regierung von Migration Vorläufigkeit institutionalisierte und es so erlaubte, Geflüchtete räumlich, zeitlich und moralisch auf Distanz zu halten. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/