Suchergebnisse

ZusammenfassungIn dem Beitrag untersuchen wir die Rekonfiguration von Personentransportmärkten mit Pkw durch digitale Plattformen im Hinblick auf die Frage, ob neue Marktakteure ihre Vorstellung zur Governance dieser Märkte durchsetzen können. Hierfür entwickeln wir einen durch Pierre Bourdieus Sozialtheorie inspirierten feldtheoretischen Zugang, der die Wechselwirkung von endogenen und exogenen Kräften bei Kämpfen um die Governance von Feldern in den Blick nimmt. Empirisch führen wir einen Vergleich des Personentransportsektors mit Pkw in Wien (Österreich) und Berlin (Deutschland) durch. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass in beiden Märkten keine vollständige Disruption durch neue Akteure und Technologien stattfand. Während in Österreich (Wien) Plattformen in das Taxigewerbe eingegliedert wurden, blieben die feldspezifischen Spaltungen und Grenzkonflikte zwischen Plattformen und Mietwagenunternehmen auf der einen Seite und Taxiunternehmen auf der anderen Seite in Deutschland (Berlin) allerdings aufrecht und wurden durch Plattformen noch verstärkt. Dieses Ergebnis lässt sich vor allem durch unterschiedliche Strukturen und Praktiken der interagierenden assoziativen, politisch-administrativen und rechtlichen Felder sowie durch die resultierenden Deutungskonflikte um die Funktion von digitalen Plattformen in lokalen Taximärkten und im multiskalaren Feld der Macht erklären.

In dem Beitrag untersuchen wir die Rekonfiguration von Personentransportmärkten mit Pkw durch digitale Plattformen im Hinblick auf die Frage, ob neue Marktakteure ihre Vorstellung zur Governance dieser Märkte durchsetzen können. Hierfür entwickeln wir einen durch Pierre Bourdieus Sozialtheorie inspirierten feldtheoretischen Zugang, der die Wechselwirkung von endogenen und exogenen Kräften bei Kämpfen um die Governance von Feldern in den Blick nimmt. Empirisch führen wir einen Vergleich des Personentransportsektors mit Pkw in Wien (Österreich) und Berlin (Deutschland) durch. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass in beiden Märkten keine vollständige Disruption durch neue Akteure und Technologien stattfand. Während in Österreich (Wien) Plattformen in das Taxigewerbe eingegliedert wurden, blieben die feldspezifischen Spaltungen und Grenzkonflikte zwischen Plattformen und Mietwagenunternehmen auf der einen Seite und Taxiunternehmen auf der anderen Seite in Deutschland (Berlin) allerdings aufrecht und wurden durch Plattformen noch verstärkt. Dieses Ergebnis lässt sich vor allem durch unterschiedliche Strukturen und Praktiken der interagierenden assoziativen, politisch-administrativen und rechtlichen Felder sowie durch die resultierenden Deutungskonflikte um die Funktion von digitalen Plattformen in lokalen Taximärkten und im multiskalaren Feld der Macht erklären. ; In this article, we examine the reconfiguration of passenger transportation markets through digital platforms to understand to what extent new market players can impose their interests regarding the governance of these markets. We developed a field-theoretical approach inspired by Pierre Bourdieu's social theory that takes into account the interaction of endogenous and exogenous forces in struggles about field governance. We empirically compare the passenger transportation sectors in Vienna, Austria, and Berlin, Germany. Our results show that new digital players did not completely disrupt these local markets. However, while platforms were integrated into the ...

This volume brings together empirical and conceptual papers that investigate the challenges of organizing creativity in the innovation journey in and across different empirical contexts. The articles in this volume extend our understanding of the contextualized social dynamics of organizing creativity in four directions. The first direction sheds light on the temporal dynamics of organizing creativity in artistic fields. The second direction compares creative processes in arts and science, thereby examining tensions and uncertainties in the creative process unfolding in two distinctive contexts of creativity. The third direction investigates identity struggles of creative agents in organizations with clashing roles, professional norms, and ambiguities in creativity assessment. The fourth and final direction unravels the communicative journey of ideas from pitching to feedback, revealing how ideas are challenged, enriched, and acquire meaning in communicative interaction. Contributing to a situated view of creative processes in innovation, Organizing Creativity in the Innovation Journey goes beyond questions of idea generation to account for the dynamics of idea development, judgement, and dissemination - processes which are at the heart of organizing for innovation.

Digital work platforms are often said to view crowdworkers as replaceable cogs in the machine, favouring exit rather than voice as a means of resolving concerns. Based on a qualitative study of six German medium-sized platforms offering a range of standardized and creative tasks, we show that platforms provide voice mechanisms, albeit in varying degrees and levels. We find that all platforms in our sample enabled crowdworkers to communicate task-related issues to ensure crowdworker availability and quality output. Five platforms proactively consulted crowdworkers on task-related issues, and two on platform-wide organisation. Differences in the ways in which voice was implemented were driven by considerations about costs, control and a crowd's social structure, as well as by platforms' varying interest in fair work standards. We conclude that the platforms in our sample equip crowdworkers with 'microphones' by letting them have a say on workflow improvements in a highly controlled and easily mutable setting, but do not provide 'megaphones' for co-determining or even controlling platform decisions. By connecting the literature on employee voice with platform research, our study provides a nuanced picture of how voice is technologically and organisationally enabled and constrained in non-standard, digital work contexts.

ABSTRACTThis Introduction synthesizes the key themes of this special cluster of articles and explores the implications of the three contributions on garment supply chains after the Rana Plaza disaster. The three articles examine the perspectives of key stakeholders in garment value chains — global buyers, managers of garment factories in Bangladesh, and workers at these factories — and analyses their responses to the new governance initiatives that emerged in the aftermath of Rana Plaza. Placing the contrasting perspectives of these stakeholders alongside each other starkly reveals how their different positions within hierarchically organized global value chains form the particular lens through which they view post‐Rana Plaza initiatives. This special cluster scrutinizes the particular understandings of these stakeholders and reveals the very different capacity for voice and influence that they bring to bear in shaping outcomes. It reflects on the contradictory imperatives faced by actors in the garment industry caught between a logic of competition on the one hand and global labour standards norms on the other. The Introduction concludes by examining the prospects for a re‐embedding of the market in global value chains via the activation of civil society.

Digital work platforms are often said to view crowdworkers as replaceable cogs in the machine, favouring exit rather than voice as a means of resolving concerns. Based on a qualitative study of six German medium-sized platforms offering more standardised or more creative tasks we show that platforms do provide voice mechanisms, albeit in varying degrees and levels. We find that all platforms in our sample enabled crowdworkers to communicate task-related issues to ensure crowdworker availability and quality output. Five platforms proactively consulted crowdworkers on task-related issues, and two on platform-wide organisation as well. Differences in the ways in which voice was implemented were driven by considerations about costs, control, a crowds social structure, as well as by platforms varying interest in fair work standards. We conclude that the platforms in our sample equip crowdworkers with 'microphones by letting them have a say on workflow improvements in a highly controlled and easily mutable setting, but do not provide 'megaphones for co-determining or even controlling platform decisions. By connecting the literature on employee voice with platform research, our study provides a nuanced picture of how voice is technologically and organisationally enabled and constrained in non-standard, digital work contexts. ; Refereed/Peer-reviewed ; (VLID)4866992 ; Accepted version

Digital work platforms are often said to view crowdworkers as replaceable cogs in the machine, favouring exit rather than voice as a means of resolving concerns. Based on a qualitative study of six German medium-sized platforms offering a range of standardized and creative tasks, we show that platforms provide voice mechanisms, albeit in varying degrees and levels. We find that all platforms in our sample enabled crowdworkers to communicate task-related issues to ensure crowdworker availability and quality output. Five platforms proactively consulted crowdworkers on task-related issues, and two on platform-wide organisation. Differences in the ways in which voice was implemented were driven by considerations about costs, control and a crowds social structure, as well as by platforms varying interest in fair work standards. We conclude that the platforms in our sample equip crowdworkers with 'microphones by letting them have a say on workflow improvements in a highly controlled and easily mutable setting, but do not provide 'megaphones for co-determining or even controlling platform decisions. By connecting the literature on employee voice with platform research, our study provides a nuanced picture of how voice is technologically and organisationally enabled and constrained in non-standard, digital work contexts. ; (VLID)5146885

Ensuring social responsibility is a continued challenge in value creation processes that are globally dispersed among multiple organizations. We use the literature on interorganizational network management to shed new light on the question of how employment relations can be managed more responsibly in global value networks (GVNs). In contrast to the structure-oriented global value chain perspective, a network management perspective highlights the practices by which employment relations can be addressed in the context of plural forms of network governance. Using examples of GVNs in the automotive and garment industries, we illustrate how the network management practices of selecting, allocating, regulating and evaluating can enable lead firms and suppliers to effectively deal with social responsibility challenges on the level of whole networks. We also discuss how network management practices can handle field-level and firm-level constraints for the management of multi-employer relations in GVNs.