Suchergebnisse

This book explores the development of Islam and the Baha'i faith in the nineteenth century via the examination of two key reformers.

Shiis perform a number of rituals on the first 10 days of the Islamic month of Muḥarram to mourn the killing of the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, Husayn, in Karbala in southern Iraq in 680CE. Among the most controversial rituals is the practice of blood-letting self-flagellation (taṭbīr). This article provides a comprehensive discussion of debates around this ritual among prominent Shii clerical figures of the 20th and 21st centuries. While the vast majority of senior clerics is either sympathetic to taṭbīr or retains an indifferent attitude, clerical interventions critical of it are informed by the discursive parameters of Islamic modernism and emphasize the universal moral and socio-political message of Husayn's revolt. These debates also point at concerns over inter-sectarian relations between Sunnis and Shiis and efforts to discard Shii ritual practices that could antagonize Sunni Muslims. Finally, these debates contain an important political dimension reflecting contestations around Iran's aim to exercise hegemony over Shii communities across the world. The 1994 fatwa by the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic 'Ali Khamenei (b. 1939) in which he declared taṭbīr prohibited (ḥarām) has hardened existing cleavages between those supporting and those rejecting this practice, as this article illustrates.

Offers a set of new comparative perspectives on the experiences of Shi'a Muslim minorities outside the 'Muslim heartland' (Middle East, North Africa, Central and South Asia) and discusses the challenges these communities face as 'a minority within a minority'.

Frontmatter -- CONTENTS -- Figures Figures -- Tables -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- I. History of Muslim Presence and Immigration to Ireland -- 1. Sailors, Merchants, Migrants: From the Sack of Baltimore to World War II -- 2. Muslim Immigration to Ireland after World War II -- II. Mosques, Organisations and Leadership -- 3. Early Muslim Organisations and Mosques in Ireland -- 4. Political Islam in Ireland and the Role of Muslim Brotherhood Networks -- 5. Mosque Communities and Muslim Organisations in Dublin and Other Cities -- III. The Governance of Islam in the Republic of Ireland: Freedom of Religion and Islamic Education -- 6. Religious Freedom and Muslims in Ireland -- 7. Education and Muslim National Schools in Ireland -- IV. Diaspora and Identity -- 8. Muslim Women in Ireland -- Conclusion: Being Irish, Being Muslim -- Bibliography -- Index

Preliminary Material -- Islams in Europe: Satellites or a Universe Apart? /Jonathan Laurence -- Albania /Olsi Jazexhi -- Armenia /Sevak Karamyan -- Austria /Kerem Öktem -- Azerbaijan /Altay Goyushov -- Belarus /Daša Słabčanka -- Belgium /Jean-François Husson -- Bosnia and Herzegovina /Aid Smajić and Muhamed Fazlović -- Bulgaria /Aziz Nazmi Shakir -- Croatia /Dino Mujadžević -- Cyprus /Ali Dayıoğlu and Mete Hatay -- Czech Republic /Štěpán Macháček -- Denmark /Brian Arly Jacobsen -- Estonia /Ringo Ringvee -- Finland /Teemu Pauha -- France /Anne-Laure Zwilling -- Georgia /Thomas Liles and Bayram Balci -- Germany /Mathias Rohe -- Greece /Konstantinos Tsitselikis and Alexandros Sakellariou -- Hungary /Esztella Csiszár -- Iceland /Kristján Þór Sigurðsson -- Ireland /Colette Colfer -- Italy /Stella Coglievina -- Kosovo /Driton Morina -- Latvia /Simona Gurbo -- Lithuania /Egdūnas Račius -- Luxembourg /Elsa Pirenne and Lucie Waltzer -- Malta /Martin R. Zammit -- Moldova /Aurelia Felea -- Montenegro /Sabina Pačariz -- Netherlands /Martijn de Koning -- Norway /Sindre Bangstad and Olav Elgvin -- Poland /Agata S. Nalborczyk -- Portugal /José Mapril -- Romania /Irina Vainovski-Mihai -- Russia /Elmira Akhmetova -- Serbia /Ivan Ejub Kostić -- Slovakia /Jaroslav Drobný -- Slovenia /Christian Moe -- Spain /Jordi Moreras -- Sweden /Göran Larsson -- Switzerland /Mallory Schneuwly Purdie and Andreas Tunger-Zanetti -- Turkey /İştar Gözaydın -- Ukraine /Mykhaylo Yakubovych -- United Kingdom /Asma Mustafa.

The need to reimagine religion and belief is precipitated by their greater visibility in public life. Meanwhile, social policy responses often see them from a problem-based, rather than an asset-based, approach. However, with growing diversity of religion and belief in every sector comes the potential for new dialogues across previously impermeable policy and disciplinary silos. This volume brings together leading international authors to critically consider these challenges within legal and policy frameworks, including security and cohesion, welfare, law, health and social care, inequality, cohesion, extremism, migration and abuse. It challenges policy makers to re-imagine religion and belief as an integral part of public life that contains resources, practices, forms of knowledge and experience that are essential to a coherent policy approach to diversity, enhanced democracy and participation