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"A new industrial revolution has begun. Like mechanization or electricity before it, artificial intelligence will touch every aspect of our lives--and cause profound disruptions in the balance of global power, especially among the AI superpowers: China, the United States, and Europe. Autonomous weapons expert Paul Scharre takes readers inside the fierce competition to develop and implement this game-changing technology and dominate the future"--

Part I: Robocalypse now. The coming swarm : the military robotics revolution ; The Terminator and the Roomba : what is autonomy? ; Machines that kill : what is an autonomous weapon? -- Part II: Building the Terminator. The future being built today : autonomous missiles, drones, and robot swarms ; Inside the puzzle palace : is the Pentagon building autonomous weapons? ; Crossing the threshold : approving autonomous weapons ; World War R : robotic weapons around the world ; Garage bots : DIY killer robots -- Part III: Runaway gun. Robots run amok : failure in autonomous systems ; Command and decision : Can autonomous weapons be used safely? ; Black box : the weird, alien world of deep neural networks ; Failing deadly : the risk of autonomous weapons -- Part IV: Flash war. Bot vs. bot : an arms race in speed ; The invisible war : autonomy in cyberspace ; "Summoning the demon" : the rise of intelligent machines -- Part V: The fight to ban autonomous weapons. Robots on trial : autonomous weapons and the laws of war ; Soulless killers : the morality of autonomous weapons ; Playing with fire : autonomous weapons and stability -- Part VI: Averting armageddon : the weapon of policy. Centaur warfighters : humans + machines ; The Pope and the crossbow : the mixed history of arms control ; Are autonomous weapons inevitable? : the search for lethal laws of robotics -- No fate but what we make -- How robotic weapons are transforming the battlefield today.

An award-winning defense expert tells the story of today's great power rivalry-the struggle to control artificial intelligence. A new industrial revolution has begun. Like mechanization or electricity before it, artificial intelligence will touch every aspect of our lives-and cause profound disruptions in the balance of global power, especially among the AI superpowers: China, the United States, and Europe. Autonomous weapons expert Paul Scharre takes listeners inside the fierce competition to develop and implement this game-changing technology and dominate the future. Four Battlegrounds argues that four key elements define this struggle: data, computing power, talent, and institutions. Data is a vital resource like coal or oil, but it must be collected and refined. Advanced computer chips are the essence of computing power-control over chip supply chains grants leverage over rivals. Talent is about people: which country attracts the best researchers and most advanced technology companies? The fourth "battlefield" is maybe the most critical: the ultimate global leader in AI will have institutions that effectively incorporate AI into their economy, society, and especially their military

Today's US military is the product of history -- not of the missions and threats it now faces. The hard truth is that inertia, not strategy, is the main force shaping the military. Byzantine bureaucracies comprising dozens of overlapping command structures stifle innovation, slow response time, and create needless barriers. Recruiting and retention processes designed in the 1970s frustrate many military personnel who expect a 21st-century employer. A thought experiment about what the US military might look like if they started today with a blank slate is presented. Of course, there is no magic button to erase the laws, culture, and history that have shaped the military into what it is today. But with wars ending, resources declining, and new threats emerging, now is the time to consider reform. The question is not whether the US military should change for the future, but how it should change and whether it can do so in time -- before the next war. Adapted from the source document.

With the recent wave of progress in artificial intelligence (AI) has come a growing awareness of the large-scale impacts of AI systems, and recognition that existing regulations and norms in industry and academia are insufficient to ensure responsible AI development. In order for AI developers to earn trust from system users, customers, civil society, governments, and other stakeholders that they are building AI responsibly, they will need to make verifiable claims to which they can be held accountable. Those outside of a given organization also need effective means of scrutinizing such claims. This report suggests various steps that different stakeholders can take to improve the verifiability of claims made about AI systems and their associated development processes, with a focus on providing evidence about the safety, security, fairness, and privacy protection of AI systems. We analyze ten mechanisms for this purpose--spanning institutions, software, and hardware--and make recommendations aimed at implementing, exploring, or improving those mechanisms.