Suchergebnisse

ITALIANO: Lo scontro dell'imperatore Ludovico il Bavaro con la curia papale nel XIV secolo ebbe un grande impatto storico. Tuttavia, furono storicamente efficaci non solo le prese di posizione politiche, giuridiche o teologiche, ma anche la loro comunicazione pubblica, oggetto di questo articolo. Quest'ultima fu alimentata sia dalle decisioni dei potenti sia dall'accettazione dei governati. Per cogliere la dinamica di questi processi di negoziazione, l'approccio metodologico della "governance multilivello" è particolarmente adatto. Nel processo comunicativo di questa controversia, nella quale il Papa e l'Imperatore lottano con tutti i mezzi per il predominio nella sfera pubblica quanto all'interpretazione dei fatti, si possono elaborare cinque diversi livelli di escalation, che portarono a una svolta storica nella relazione tra i due poteri. / ENGLISH: The struggles of Emperor Louis the Bavarian with the papal curia in the 14th century had great historical impact. However, it was not only the political, legal or theological positions that were historically effective, but to the same extent their public communication, which is the focus of this article. It was fed by both the decisions of the powerful and the acceptance of the ruled. In order to capture the dynamics of these negotiation processes, the methodological approach of "multi-level governance" lends itself particularly well. In the communicative process of this dispute, in which the Pope and the Emperor struggle by all means for dominance in the public sphere regarding the interpretation of facts, five different levels of escalation can be worked out, which led to a historical turning point in the relationship between the two powers.

The struggles of Emperor Louis the Bavarian with the papal curia in the 14th century had great historical impact. However, it was not only the political, legal or theological positions that were historically effective, but to the same extent their public communication, which is the focus of this article. It was fed by both the decisions of the powerful and the acceptance of the ruled. In order to capture the dynamics of these negotiation processes, the methodological approach of "multi-level governance" lends itself particularly well. In the communicative process of this dispute, in which the Pope and the Emperor struggle by all means for dominance in the public sphere regarding the interpretation of facts, five different levels of escalation can be worked out, which led to a historical turning point in the relationship between the two powers. ; Lo scontro dell'imperatore Ludovico il Bavaro con la curia papale nel XIV secolo ebbe un grande impatto storico. Tuttavia, furono storicamente efficaci non solo le prese di posizione politiche, giuridiche o teologiche, ma anche la loro comunicazione pubblica, oggetto di questo articolo. Quest'ultima fu alimentata sia dalle decisioni dei potenti sia dall'accettazione dei governati. Per cogliere la dinamica di questi processi di negoziazione, l'approccio metodologico della "governance multilivello" è particolarmente adatto. Nel processo comunicativo di questa controversia, nella quale il Papa e l'Imperatore lottano con tutti i mezzi per il predominio nella sfera pubblica quanto all'interpretazione dei fatti, si possono elaborare cinque diversi livelli di escalation, che portarono a una svolta storica nella relazione tra i due poteri.

Die Frage, wie die Fachinformationsdienste (FID) aus Sicht der Forschung zu beurteilen sind, muss auf der Basis der grundlegenden Aufgaben der Bibliotheken für die Forschung und die Gesellschaft diskutiert werden. Bibliotheken sind das kulturelle Gedächtnis einer Gesellschaft, sie sind unser Erfahrungsraum, aus dem heraus altes Wissen aktualisiert, neues Wissen generiert und über Generationen zur Verfügung gestellt wird. Die Voraussetzung dafür, dass die Bibliotheken als kulturelles Gedächtnis fungieren und die Grundlage für Forschung bieten können, liegt in zwei basalen Aufgaben begründet, die sie erfüllen: 1. das Wissen zu sammeln und bereitzustellen und 2. das Wissen zu ordnen, denn erst die Ordnung macht Wissen zu Wissen, indem sie Wissenswertes von Nicht-Wissenswertem trennt. Deshalb gehören insbesondere die Nachhaltigkeit der neuen Speichermedien und die Notwendigkeit einer transparenten und hinterfragbaren Orientierung im digitalen Wissensraum zu den wesentlichen Herausforderungen der digitalen Wende. Forschung, Politik und Bibliotheken müssen dabei gemeinsam abwägen: Was sind die Stärken eines physischen Buchs, was kann das Digitalisat besser? In historischer Perspektive geht es bei so großen Umbrüchen, wie sie die digitale Wende darstellt, vor allem darum, das Neue zu etablieren und dabei aber die entscheidenden Errungenschaften des Hergebrachten zu integrieren.Any evaluation of the FIDs from an academic point of view has to start with the fundamental role of libraries for research and society. Libraries are the cultural memory of society, spaces which provide experience, which can update existing knowledge and generate new information for generations to come. To be able to fulfil this role as cultural memory, libraries have to cover two fundamental tasks: 1) to collect and present existing knowledge, 2) to sort and systematize this knowledge. Only through structure, knowledge really becomes relevant since systematic organisation separates out what is worth knowing. Therefore, sustainability of the new storage systems and a transparent structure for the digital knowledge space which is open to being critically reflected are the main challenges of the recent digital turn. Scholarship, politics and libraries need to join together to evaluate strengths and weaknesses of physical books in comparison with digital resources. Under a historical perspective, the main task for major changes such as the digital turn is to establish new routines and to integrate significant achievements of the established practices.