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AbstractA persistent theme in the British and international debates about immigration and diversity is the controversial claim that living in diverse areas has negative consequences for intergroup attitudes and community relations. In the present paper we test this claim by investigating the impact of neighbourhood diversity and self‐reported intergroup contact on orientations (outgroup attitudes and social distance) toward one religious outgroup: Muslims. Respondents were both White British majority (N=867) and non‐Muslim ethnic minority (N=567) residents of neighbourhoods in England which varied in their proportion of ethnic minority residents. We tested both direct and indirect (via intergroup contact) effects of diversity on outgroup orientations toward Muslims. Results show that individuals living in more ethnically diverse areas—regardless of whether they are White British members of the majority or non‐Muslim members of ethnic minorities—have more positive contact with Muslims, with positive consequences for intergroup relations with Muslims.

Using data drawn from the adult population in Northern Ireland (N=1,515), this article examines the relationship between perceived intergroup threat and psychological well-being, taking into consideration the mediating role of social identification and the moderating role of political conflict exposure. Results by and large confirmed our predictions that perceived threat would be directly associated with poorer well-being but would also exert a positive indirect effect on well-being via increased social identification. However, these relationships were dependent on individuals' prior conflict exposure, such that the positive indirect relationship between perceived threat and psychological well-being emerged only for two subpopulations: individuals who had high direct and high indirect exposure to conflict, and individuals who had low direct, but high indirect conflict exposure. No indirect effects emerged for individuals with relatively lower conflict exposure. Results are discussed with regard to their implications for research on the consequences of intergroup threat in political conflict settings and beyond. Adapted from the source document.

Der nepalesische Staat ist nicht in der Lage, seine Kernfunktionen wahrzunehmen und das Wohlergehen und den Schutz seiner Bürger sicherzustellen. Unter diesen Umständen wurde es immer schwieriger, Vorhaben der Entwicklungszusammenarbeit durchzuführen. Der Beitrag beschreibt die Auswirkungen auf der Durchführungsebene sowohl in Bezug auf die personelle Sicherheit als auch auf die konfliktsensible Ausrichtung der Vorhaben. Der Aufbau eines Büros für Risikomanagement (RMO) in Katmandu wird dargestellt. Dessen Kernaufgaben, die Entstehung der Basic Operating Guidelines (BOG) und deren Auswirkungen werden aufgezeigt. (GB)

Die Rahmenbedingungen internationaler Politik haben sich seit dem Ende des Ost-West-Konfliktes grundsätzlich gewandelt: An die Stelle zwischenstaatlicher Kriege sind neue Formen transnationaler, asymmetrischer Konflikte getreten.Dementsprechend wächst der Bedarf, Instrumente und Ansätze zur Bewältigung von Krisen und Konflikten von der Nutzung vorwiegend militärischer Mittel hin zu zivilen und an dem Postulat der Prävention und Nachhaltigkeit orientierten Strategien zu entwickeln. Bei dem "Leitfaden", der im vorliegenden Beitrag vorgestellt wird, handelt es sich um das Instrument, das in der Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung als handlungsorientierte Grundlage zur Erstellung länderbezogener Konfliktanalysen verwandt wird. Dabei gehen die AutorInnen von folgenden Grundannahmen aus: (1) Friedensförderung muss auf allen gesellschaftlichen Ebenen ansetzen. Sie stärkt Mechanismen und Strukturen der gewaltfreien Bearbeitung von Konflikten im gesellschaftlichen und staatlichen Bereich. (2) Internationale Zusammenarbeit kann einen Beitrag zur Krisenprävention und Friedensförderung leisten, indem sie strategische Ansätze zur Bearbeitung struktureller Konfliktursachen und akuter Konfliktlinien mit hohem Eskalationspotenzial entwickelt sowie friedensfördernde Potenziale lokaler Akteure und Strukturen unterstützt. (3) Internationale Kooperation ist auf Grund ihrer Konzentration auf bestimmte Zielgruppen nicht neutral. (ICA2)

This study examines the consequences of living in segregated and mixed neighbourhoods on ingroup bias and offensive action tendencies, taking into consideration the role of intergroup experiences and perceived threat. Using adult data from a cross-sectional survey in Belfast, Northern Ireland, we tested a model that examined the relationship between living in segregated (N = 396) and mixed (N = 562) neighbourhoods and positive contact, exposure to violence, perceived threat and outgroup orientations. Our results show that living in mixed neighbourhoods was associated with lower ingroup bias and reduced offensive action tendencies. These effects were partially mediated by positive contact. However, our analysis also shows that respondents living in mixed neighbourhoods report higher exposure to political violence and higher perceived threat to physical safety. These findings demonstrate the importance of examining both social experience and threat perceptions when testing the relationship between social environment and prejudice. Adapted from the source document.

"This study examines the consequences of living in segregated and mixed neighbourhoods on ingroup bias and offensive action tendencies, taking into consideration the role of intergroup experiences and perceived threat. Using adult data from a cross-sectional survey in Belfast, Northern Ireland, the authors tested a model that examined the relationship between living in segregated (N=396) and mixed (N=562) neighbourhoods and positive contact, exposure to violence, perceived threat and outgroup orientations. The results show that living in mixed neighbourhoods was associated with lower ingroup bias and reduced offensive action tendencies. These effects were partially mediated by positive contact. However, the analysis also shows that respondents living in mixed neighbourhoods report higher exposure to political violence and higher perceived threat to physical safety. These findings demonstrate the importance of examining both social experience and threat perceptions when testing the relationship between social environment and prejudice." (author's abstract)