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AbstractIn the past decade, the fields of machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) have seen unprecedented developments that raise human-machine interactions (HMI) to the next level.Smart machines, i.e., machines endowed with artificially intelligent systems, have lost their character as mere instruments. This, at least, seems to be the case if one considers how humans experience their interactions with them. Smart machines are construed to serve complex functions involving increasing degrees of freedom, and they generate solutions not fully anticipated by humans. Consequently, their performances show a touch of action and even autonomy. HMI is therefore often described as a sort of "cooperation" rather than as a mere application of a tool. Some authors even go as far as subsuming cooperation with smart machines under the label ofpartnership, akin to cooperation between human agents sharing a common goal. In this paper, we explore how far the notion of shared agency and partnership can take us in our understanding of human interaction with smart machines. Discussing different topoi related to partnerships in general, we suggest that different kinds of "partnership" depending on the form of interaction between agents need to be kept apart. Building upon these discussions, we propose a tentative taxonomy of different kinds of HMI distinguishing coordination, collaboration, cooperation, and social partnership.

AbstractBorderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by severe disturbances in a subject's sense of identity. Persons with BPD suffer from recurrent feelings of emptiness, a lack of self-feeling, and painful incoherence, especially regarding their own desires, how they see and feel about others, their life goals, or the roles to which they commit themselves. Over the past decade or so, clinical psychologists, psychotherapists, and psychiatrists have turned to philosophical conceptions of selfhood to better understand the borderline-specific ruptures in the sense of identity, which are frequently associated with severe affective instability and turbulence in interpersonal relationships. Fuchs (2007) has suggested that these disturbances in self-experience can best be described and explained by using notions—widely discussed in philosophy and psychology—ofnarrativityandnarrative identity. On such a narrative view, key features of BPD present significant modifications of proto-narrative structures and inhibit the development of a narrative identity, resulting in a disturbed sense of identity. Although the role of narrativity in BPD has been acknowledged by many researchers, some have voiced dissatisfaction with what they take to be limitations of a narrativistic understanding of the disorders of identity characterizing BPD, and have proposed alternative, allegedly non-narrativistic, accounts. In this paper, we critically examine an example of the latter, viz. Gold and Kyratsous' (2017) account ofthe person as an intrapersonal team reasoner. We defend a narrativistic understanding of BPD identity disorder against their objections. To this end, we propose a broader, and more finely-differentiated, concept of narrativity. On this account, four aspects of narrativity are distinguished, the disordering of which can affect those with BPD. As it turns out, our account implies that even Gold and Kyratsous—in order to ground their approach—must either make use of these aspects or propose an as-yet unarticulated alternative. This casts doubt upon whether their approach is non-narrativistic after all.

Am 21.05.2009 trat in Japan das sog. »Gesetz zur Beteiligung von Laienrichtern am Strafverfahren« in Kraft. Seitdem finden in Japan zum ersten Mal seit den 1940er Jahren Strafverfahren statt, bei denen Bürger in einer einzigartigen Mischform zwischen Jury- und Schöffensystem zusammen mit Richtern sowohl über die Schuld-, als auch über die Straffrage entscheiden. Die Arbeit verfolgt zwei Ziele: Hauptaugenmerk liegt auf einer umfassenden Darstellung der japanischen Rechtslage unter Auswertung des japanischen Schrifttums. Hierbei erfolgt ebenfalls eine allgemeine Darstellung des japanischen Strafverfahrensrechts, um das Saiban'in System im Gesamtkontext verstehen zu können. Im Anschluss erfolgt der Bericht eines vom Verfasser am Distriktgericht Tokios beobachteten Saiban'in Verfahrens. Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit werden das deutsche Schöffensystem und das japanische Saiban'in System rechtsvergleichend untersucht. / »The Saiban'in System and the German Lay Judge System« -- This publication contains a description of the current legal situation of the so called »Saiban'in System« in Japan, after evaluating Japanese sources. The Saiban'in System is a lay judge system with elements of the German Lay Judge System and the Anglo-American Jury System. The second part of the publication consist of a comparison of law between the two systems