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THIS PAPER CONSIDERS TWO PROPOSITIONS: (1) BY PUBLISHING NEWS STORIES ABOUT THE ELECTORAL STRENGTH OF PARTIES OR CANDIDATES, THE MASS MEDIA CONTRIBUTE TO SHAPING THE VOTERS' EXPECTATIONS ABOUT THE LIKELY OUTCOME OF AN UPCOMING ELECTION; (2) THESE EXPECTATIONS IN TURN STIMULATE A BANDWAGON EFFECT -THAT IS, THEY INFLUENCE VOTE CHOICE TO THE ADVANTAGE OF THE APPARENT FUTURE WINNER OF THE ELECTION. ANALYZING MEDIA CONTENT AND SURVEY DATA GATHERED DURING THE CAMPAIGN FOR THE FIRST ALL-GERMAN NATIONAL ELECTION IN 1990, IT CAN BE SHOWN THAT: (1) INTEREST IN THE MEDIA'S POLITICAL REPORTING AS WELL AS INTERPERSONAL POLITICAL COMMUNICATION CONTRIBUTED SIGNIFICANTLY TO CONVERTING VOTERS TO THE VIEW OF THE ELECTION THAT WAS CONSTANTLY PRESENTED BY THE MASS MEDIA; (2) THIS BELIEF CAUSED SOME VOTERS, PARTICULARLY UNSOPHISTICATED INDEPENDENT VOTERS, TO CAST BALLOTS FOR THE APPARENT WINNER OF THE ELECTION.

Es wird ein Überblick über den Stand der Forschung über Neue Soziale Bewegungen in der Bundesrepublik gegeben. Nach einer kurzen Darstellung der Entwicklung des Phänomens verschiedener sozialer Bewegungen seit der Mitte der sechziger Jahre wird die Literatur zum Thema unter zwei Aspekten gesichtet: Zum einen werden die verschiedenen theoretischen Verständnisweisen und Erklärungsansätze Neuer Sozialer Bewegungen beschrieben, zum anderen wird der Stand der empirischen Forschung zu diesem Phänomen dargelegt. (AuD-Pls)

MORE THAN TWO YEARS AFTER GERMAN UNIFICATION, THE GREENS FINALLY CREATED A JOINT PARTY ORGANIZATION WITH THEIR ALLY IN THE EAST, BUNDNIS 90. THIS ARTICLE ANALYSES THE MOST IMPORTANT JUNCTURES ON THE PATH TOWARDS THE NEW PARTY, BUNDNIS 90/DIE GRUNEN, AND DEFINES ITS MOST IMPORTANT ORGANIZATIONAL, IDEOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS. THE ACHILLES HEEL OF THE NEW PARTY, WHICH IS MORE MODERATE THAN THE GREENS OF THE 1980S, REMAINS THEIR LACK OF A STABLE ELECTORAL BASE.

This article reviews the empirical research literature on campaign and media effects on vote choice at national elections in European countries for the post-World War II period. Particular efforts are undertaken to obtain a comprehensive picture by including publications in many different languages. With regard to the amount of research, but also the topics addressed, the survey reveals considerable differences between countries. Studies of campaign effects have focused on the temporal dynamics of campaigns, on the modes of campaign communications (such as personal contacts at the local level, advertising on TV and in the press or online social media) and on certain aspects of its content. Research on media effects has explored the role of partisan bias and certain topical categories of news (climate of opinion, issue and candidate coverage) as well as specific new media formats, notably televised candidate debates and vote advice applications (VAA). Overall, the review reveals that there is little in the way of an integrated and consolidated body of campaign and media effects research on national elections in Europe. While political communication research increasingly acknowledges the potential importance of news media and political parties' electioneering for voting behaviour, there appears as of yet to be little convergence regarding approaches and research findings. Particularly striking is the degree to which research questions are guided by national institutional contexts. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion