Suchergebnisse

In the 2005 World Summit Outcome Document, the Member States of the UN agreed to protect their populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing & crimes against humanity & that the international community, through the UN, has the responsibility to use peaceful means yet is prepared to take coercive action, through the Security Council, if states fail to fulfill their responsibilities. However, some questions remain unanswered. Fear of misusage, the concept of sovereignty & the veto right are major obstacles for the implementation of the "Responsibility to Protect." Although the concept has gained support in the academic community, civil society, some governments & the UN it remains at present an "emerging norm" at most, rather than being the guiding principle of international relations or part of international law. Adapted from the source document.

Auf dem UN-Milleniumsgipfel 2005 verpflichteten sich die UN-Staaten, ihre Bevölkerungen vor Völkermord, Kriegsverbrechen, ethnischen Säuberungen und Verbrechen gegen die Menschlichkeit zu schützen. Sie kamen weiterhin überein, dass die internationale Gemeinschaft in Gestalt der UN die Pflicht hat, friedliche Mittel einzusetzen, der UN-Sicherheitsrat aber zu Zwangsmitteln greifen kann, wenn Staaten ihrer Verantwortung nicht gerecht werden. Einige Fragen bleiben jedoch offen. Angst vor Missbrauch, das Konzept der Souveränität und das Veto-Recht stehen der Implementierung einer "Responsibility to Protect" entgegen. Zwar hat dieses Konzept Unterstützung an akademischen Kreisen, der Zivilgesellschaft, einigen Staaten und der UNO gefunden, es bleibt aber vorerst bestenfalls eine "Norm im Entstehen" und ist noch nicht ein Leitbild der internationalen Beziehungen oder Bestandteil des internationalen Rechts. (ICEÜbers)

SUMMARYThis paper examines the distribution of economic research as catalogued in the Journal of Economic Literature across countries of the world and attempts to explain those patterns. We report the number of articles published on each country and estimate a series of regressions to understand this pattern. We find that measures of a country's size (physical and economic), connections with the outside world and data availability explain much of the pattern of research. We also find that tourism receipts, whether English is an official language, and the number of economic research institutions are significantly correlated with the amount of research done on a country. After controlling for all the variables, we find only three regions (all in Africa) with significantly less research published by economists in Journal of Economic Literature cataloged articles than North America.