Suchergebnisse

Hochdurchsatzprüfungen kommen in der Pharma- und Lebensmittelindustrie sowie der Medizintechnik zur Anwendung und gestatten Analysen für eine große Anzahl von Proben. Zur logistischen Steuerung von Hochdurchsatzprüfungen mit mehreren Bearbeitungs- und Prüfstationen sind derzeit keine Methoden bekannt. Der Fachartikel stellt einen ersten Ansatz der Steuerung von Hochdurchsatzsystemen zur Materialprüfung vor. Dieser Ansatz verkürzt die erforderlichen Durchlaufzeiten der Prüfungen.
 
High-throughput tests are applied in the pharmaceutical industry, the food industry or in medical technology. They allow for testing a large number of samples. The logistical control of high-throughput systems with several test beds has not been addressed in research yet. In the following, an approach for the logistical control of high- throughput tests is presented. The approach reduces the throughput time of the tests.

We surveyed 1196 Black health and political leaders on their perceptions about the US Department of Health and Human Services' Healthy People 2000 public health goals. Respondents identified reducing the incidence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, improving maternal and infant health, and controlling sexually transmitted diseases as the three most important public health goals for Black Americans that are amenable to intervention. The leaders assigned nearly all responsibility for prevention efforts to the federal government and the individual. With the American health care system now in flux, Black leaders need to organize to see that these priority issues are addressed.

This study investigated the extent to which black public health and political leaders believe that reducing violence should be a national public health priority for black Americans when compared with other public health problems such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, low birthweight, and access to health care. A survey asking whether violence in the black community is amendable to change and who (or what institutions) should be responsible for the reduction of violence was sent to 427 black health leaders, 326 black mayors, and 467 black legislators. Three hundred twenty responses were returned. Virtually all respondents placed violence as one of the top five, if not the highest, public health priority for black Americans. Health and political leaders differed in their beliefs about whether violence and violence-related behaviors can be ameliorated, and who should bear responsibility for the reduction of violence. While this survey had limitations, more than 300 black public health and political leaders indicated that violence among black Americans should be made a national public health priority. Policy implications are discussed, and a proactive role for the National Medical Association is advocated.

Abstract. Flood and mass movements originating from glacial environments are particularly devastating in populated mountain regions of the world, but in the remote Mount Cook region of New Zealand's Southern Alps minimal attention has been given to these processes. Glacial environments are characterized by high mass turnover and combined with changing climatic conditions, potential problems and process interactions can evolve rapidly. Remote sensing based terrain mapping, geographic information systems and flow path modelling are integrated here to explore the extent of ice avalanche, debris flow and lake flood hazard potential in the Mount Cook region. Numerous proglacial lakes have formed during recent decades, but well vegetated, low gradient outlet areas suggest catastrophic dam failure and flooding is unlikely. However, potential impacts from incoming mass movements of ice, debris or rock could lead to dam overtopping, particularly where lakes are forming directly beneath steep slopes. Physically based numerical modeling with RAMMS was introduced for local scale analyses of rock avalanche events, and was shown to be a useful tool for establishing accurate flow path dynamics and estimating potential event magnitudes. Potential debris flows originating from steep moraine and talus slopes can reach road and built infrastructure when worst-case runout distances are considered, while potential effects from ice avalanches are limited to walking tracks and alpine huts located in close proximity to initiation zones of steep ice. Further local scale studies of these processes are required, leading towards a full hazard assessment, and changing glacial conditions over coming decades will necessitate ongoing monitoring and reassessment of initiation zones and potential impacts.

Abstract. Lahars frequently affect the slopes of ice-capped volcanoes. They can be triggered by volcano-ice interactions during eruptions but also by processes such as intense precipitation or by outbursts of glacial water bodies not directly related to eruptive activity. We use remote sensing, GIS and lahar models in combination with ground observations for an initial lahar hazard assessment on Iztaccíhuatl volcano (5230 m a.s.l.), considering also possible future developments of the glaciers on the volcano. Observations of the glacial extent are important for estimations of future hazard scenarios, especially in a rapidly changing tropical glacial environment. In this study, analysis of the glaciers on Iztaccíhuatl shows a dramatic retreat during the last 150 years: the glaciated area in 2007 corresponds to only 4% of the one in 1850 AD and the glaciers are expected to survive no later than the year 2020. Most of the glacial retreat is considered to be related to climate change but in-situ observations suggest also that geo- and hydrothermal heat flow at the summit-crater area can not be ruled out, as emphasized by fumarolic activity documented in a former study. However, development of crater lakes and englacial water reservoirs are supposed to be a more realistic scenario for lahar generation than sudden ice melting by rigorous volcano-ice interaction. Model calculations show that possible outburst floods have to be larger than ~5×105 m3 or to achieve an H/L ratio (Height/runout Length) of 0.2 and lower in order to reach the populated lower flanks. This threshold volume equals 2.4% melted ice of Iztaccíhuatl's total ice volume in 2007, assuming 40% water and 60% volumetric debris content of a potential lahar. The model sensitivity analysis reveals important effects of the generic type of the Digital Terrain Model (DTM) used on the results. As a consequence, the predicted affected areas can vary significantly. For such hazard zonation, we therefore suggest the use of different types of DTMs and flow models, followed by a careful comparison and interpretation of the results.

Systems for speech and speaker recognition already achieve low error rates when applied to high-quality audiovisual broadcast data, such as news shows recorded in a studio environment. Several evaluation corpora exist for this domain in various languages. However, in actual applications for broadcast data analysis, the data requirements are more complex. There are many data types beyond the planned speech of the news anchorperson. For example, interesting live recordings from prominent politicians are often recorded in an environment with challenging acoustic properties. Discussions typically expose highly spontaneous speech, with different speakers talking at the same time. The performance of standard approaches to speech and speaker recognition typically deteriorates under such data characteristics, and dedicated techniques have to be developed to handle these problems. Corresponding evaluation corpora are needed which re?ect the challenging conditions of the actual applications. Currently, no German evaluation corpus is available which covers the required acoustic conditions and diverse language properties. This contribution describes the design of a new speaker and speech recognition evaluation corpus for the broad- cast domain, re?ecting the typical problems encountered in actual applications.

Im Projekt "iComposite4.0" wurde ein Produktionssystem zur Fertigung hybrider FVK-Bauteile entwickelt. Durch den Multimaterialansatz werden kostengünstige Materialien lastspezifisch eingesetzt. Zudem wird der mehrstufige Prozess genutzt, um während der Produktion durch eine Ausgleichsfunktion eine Anpassung der mechanischen Bauteileigenschaften umzusetzen. Kernaspekte hierbei liegen in der Integration von Messtechnik, Modellierungen und Entscheidungsalgorithmen in das Produktionssystem.
 
In the iComposite4.0 project, a production system for the manufacture of hybrid FRP components was developed. The multi-material approach allows cost-effective materials to be used for load specific designs. Moreover, the multi-stage process is used to establish an control-algorithm to compensate fluctuations of the mechanical properties of the final part during production. Core aspects are the integration of measurement technology, modelling and decision algorithms into the production system.

This study examined the potential for Active Optical Sensors (AOS) to provide estimates of green biomass in improved and native pastures. Two sampling campaigns were undertaken across two pasture types (improved and native) in September and October 2011. The AOS was found to correlate poorly with the green fraction of the sward in September when senescent material dominated the sward, particularly in the improved pastures. In contrast the AOS demonstrated good correlations with green dry matter in October when there was a higher proportion of green material in the sward. The correlation was particularly sound for the improved pasture (r2 0.91) and better than expected for the native pasture (r2 0.63). This study demonstrates the potential for AOS to provide rapid estimates of biomass in both improved and native pastures and suggests that further research be undertaken to further quantify the value of these sensors. ; Associated Grant:Meat and Livestock Australia; Australian Government's Climate Change Research Program; CRC for Spatial Information (CRCSI)