Suchergebnisse

The book investigates China's relations to the outside world between ca. 100 BCE and 1800 CE. In contrast to most histories of the Silk Roads, the focus of this book clearly lies on the maritime Silk Road and on the period between Tang and high Qing, selecting aspects that have so far been neglected in research on the history of China's relations with the outside world.

The book investigates China's relations to the outside world between ca. 100 BCE and 1800 AD. In contrast to most histories of the Silk Roads, the focus of this book clearly lies on the maritime Silk Road and on the period between Tang and high Qing, selecting aspects that have so far been neglected in research on the history of China's relations with the outside world

Intro -- Preface and Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- Part I Routes and Connections -- Chapter 2 China's Increasing Integration into the Indian Ocean World Until Song 宋 Times: Sea Routes, Connections, Trades -- Early Connections -- Maritime Connections During the Sui-Tang Period (C. Seventh to Early Tenth Centuries) -- Geographical Knowledge and Changing Visions of the Maritime Realm -- Maritime Diplomacy and Politics -- The "Bureaucratization" of Maritime Trade in the Early Song -- Merchant Networks -- Archaeological Evidence (Tang to Song) -- Conclusion -- Chapter 3 The Peak of China's Long-Distance Maritime Connections with Western Asia During the Mongol Period: Comparison with the Pre-Mongol and Post-Mongol Periods -- Introduction -- China's Expanded Interconnections with West Asia and the Wider World and Broadened Worldview Under the Yuan -- The Dramatic Increase in Government Support and Multi-Cultural Participation in Yuan Maritime Trade with Western Asia -- The Gradual Decline of China's Maritime Connections to Western Asia in the Post-Yuan Era -- Conclusion -- Chapter 4 "He Did Not Kiss the Earth Between His Hands": Arabic Sources on the Arrivals of the Zheng He Fleet in Aden and Mecca (1419-1432) -- The Voyages of Zheng He -- General Introduction -- The Treasure Fleet in Arabian Waters -- The Use of Arabic Sources -- Chinese Sources Related to the Voyages -- Benefits of Consulting Arabic Sources -- Overview of the Arabic Sources -- Dating and Course of Events -- The Fifth Voyage -- The Sixth Voyage -- The Seventh Voyage -- Commodity Exchange -- Commodities Brought from China to Arabia -- Commodities Brought from Arabia to China -- A State Visit in Yemen -- Conclusion -- Part II Commercial Crossroads and New Perspectives on Archaeological Evidence.

This volume investigates the emergence and spread of maritime commerce and interconnectivity across the Indian Ocean World-the world's first "global economy"--A longue durée perspective. Spanning from antiquity to the nineteenth century, these essays move beyond the usual focus on geographical sub-regions or thematic aspects to foreground inter- and trans-regional connections. Focusing on the role of religion in the expansion of commerce and exchange across the region, as well as on technology and knowledge transfer, volume II covers shipbuilding and navigation technologies, porcelain production, medicinal knowledge, and mules as a commodity and means of transportation.--

"The present volume, composed of six contributions by different scholars, seeks to show the intensity of exchange relations and trading networks in the early modern to late imperial "East Asian 'Mediterranean'", arguing that these exchange relations and trading networks already had their roots and origins in the tenth to thirteenth centuries at the latest. In this context, the first two contributions discuss local society and socio-economic changes within local Chinese society during the Song to Ming periods - while the other four contributions concentrate on aspects of commercial exchange and administration during the Qing period. Two contributions in particular analyze the indirect and direct importance respectively of religion for social life and commercial activities as a basic precondition for success in non-religious affairs. One chapter investigates Sino-Ryukyuan trade relations during the Kangxi reign (1662-1722), another one Sino-Taiwanese trade relations in late imperial China, while one chapter is in particular dedicated to an analysis of the characteristics and developments within the maritime trade administration of the Manchu Qing (1644-1911) government, with emphasis on hitherto rather neglected aspects, for example institutional-administrative details, including questions such as if Manchus or Han Chinese were responsible for the administration of trade."--Provided by publisher

The present volume is a collection of studies discussing trade and exchange relations across the East China Sea in the time period between c. 1400 and 1840. It introduces and analyses characteristics of trade and exchange, of economic and personal networks including knowledge transfer between East Asian countries, the importance of which has for a long time been underestimated or misinterpreted. The authors want to show that from the fifteenth to the early nineteenth century East Asia was far from being a group of more or less isolated states, but was characterised by multifarious contacts and connections. The countries or regions investigated include China, Japan, Korea, the Ryu-kyu- Islands and Tsushima. The contributions are subdivided according to topical themes and focus on sea and land routes, archaeology, trade and commodity exchange, knowledge transfer and exchange in the field of medicine (including physicians), and European images of parts of East Asia. Examining a great deal of sources ranging from diaries, letters, tomb inscriptions to commodity lists and government documents, this volume sheds more light into hitherto neglected aspects of maritime trade

The Chinese reform programme of a "socialist market-economy" was established on substantial initiative of Deng Xiaoping, one of the most famous politicians of 20th century China. The reform programme was a revision of China's hitherto prevailing socialist planned economy towards capitalistic market structures. This article wants to explain the relation between "Deng's" reform programme, which aimed at strengthening China's economy and which implied, among other things, a complete revision of the relationship between the state, the Communist party and the people, and its particular consequences. ; The Chinese reform programme of a "socialist market-economy" was established on substantial initiative of Deng Xiaoping, one of the most famous politicians of 20th century China. The reform programme was a revision of China's hitherto prevailing socialist planned economy towards capitalistic market structures. This article wants to explain the relation between "Deng's" reform programme, which aimed at strengthening China's economy and which implied, among other things, a complete revision of the relationship between the state, the Communist party and the people, and its particular consequences.