Suchergebnisse

AbstractCommunity‐based organisations (CBOs) play a key role in Malawi's multi‐sector programme for responding to the HIV/AIDS pandemic. In this programme they are funded in a demand‐driven manner—which means that only those areas that apply for funds to CBO services are blessed with programme benefits. This paper argues that this funding mechanism is not conducive to either distributing CBO services to areas most in need or enhancing downward accountability. Because areas most in need of services generally also lacked the capacity to attract project funding, the programme did not reach them. Instead, it tended to reach those areas with the greatest capacity to attract funding, though not necessarily the greatest need for it. Furthermore, those CBOs that were funded were unable to facilitate collective action in their communities because of elite capture of decision making. The programme, however, was relatively responsive to the communities' thematic demands. Thus, all in all, the elites were relatively more successful in representing the communities' wishes than in caring for all geographical areas in their constituencies. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Identifying and studying the role of political leaders in low-intensity collective protest movements with informal leadership structure poses extraordinary challenges. This article argues that the procedures associated with the reputational school of power are useful, particularly when the procedures are made more reliable and sophisticated. By selecting a panel of judges according to specific criteria it is possible to ensure that presumably knowledgeable persons are included, to explore whether the panel design is biased, and even to test whether the perceptions of the judges are accurate. It is also possible to identify the leaders using additional indicators ofprominence than reputed influence. The article is based on the author's experience ident65 ing the "spokespersons" of the Palestinian intifada

Identifying and studying the role of political leaders in low-intensity collective protest movements with informal leadership structure poses extraordinary challenges. This article argues that the procedures associated with the reputational school of power are useful, particularly when the procedures are made more reliable and sophisticated. By selecting a panel of judges according to specific criteria it is possible to ensure that presumably knowledgeable persons are included, to explore whether the panel design is biased, and even to test whether the perceptions of the judges are accurate. It is also possible to identify the leaders using additional indicators of prominence than reputed influence. The article is based on the author's experience identifying the "spokespersons" of the Palestinian intifada. (Mobilization / FUB)

Political structure, 1943-75; internal and external dynamics after the outbreak of the civil war; possibilities for the late 1980s.