Suchergebnisse

"This book tells the story of Elaine Black Yoneda (1906-1988), daughter of Russian Jewish immigrants to the United States and Communist labor activist, who spent eight months during World War II in a concentration camp, not in Europe, but in California"--

The New York City Women's Peace Party (NYC-WPP) published the first issue of Four Lights: An Adventure in Internationalism on 27 January 1917. The inaugural issue opened with the founders' mission to 'voice the young, uncompromising woman's peace movement in America' and declared the publication's anti-war and anti-militarist position to be 'daring and immediate'. In the short span of the nine months between January and October that Four Lights issued fortnightly numbers, its editors staked and held onto the staunch anti-war stance and Four Lights braided pacifism together with feminism. Their entwined anti-capitalist perspectives on gender, labour, class and race can be understood as anticipating intersectional feminism. Not nearly as well known as The Woman Citizen, The Suffragist and other publications of the women's national suffrage and Progressive presses, Four Lights offers a fascinating glimpse into the thinking of the most ardent pacifists of the 1910s. This study of Four Lights illuminates this history and situates the journal's critical place in the history of radical American periodicals.

Recent insights suggest that non-specific and/or promiscuous enzymes are common and active across life. Understanding the role of such enzymes is an important open question in biology. Here we develop a genome-wide method, PROPER, that uses a permissive PSI-BLAST approach to predict promiscuous activities of metabolic genes. Enzyme promiscuity is typically studied experimentally using multicopy suppression, in which over-expression of a promiscuous 'replacer' gene rescues lethality caused by inactivation of a 'target' gene. We use PROPER to predict multicopy suppression in Escherichia coli, achieving highly significant overlap with published cases (hypergeometric p = 4.4e-13). We then validate three novel predicted target-replacer gene pairs in new multicopy suppression experiments. We next go beyond PROPER and develop a network-based approach, GEM-PROPER, that integrates PROPER with genome-scale metabolic modeling to predict promiscuous replacements via alternative metabolic pathways. GEM-PROPER predicts a new indirect replacer (thiG) for an essential enzyme (pdxB) in production of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (the active form of Vitamin B6), which we validate experimentally via multicopy suppression. We perform a structural analysis of thiG to determine its potential promiscuous active site, which we validate experimentally by inactivating the pertaining residues and showing a loss of replacer activity. Thus, this study is a successful example where a computational investigation leads to a network-based identification of an indirect promiscuous replacement of a key metabolic enzyme, which would have been extremely difficult to identify directly. ; Funding agencies: (MO) Whitaker Foundation (Whitaker International Scholars Program) (http://www.whitaker.org/grants/fellows-scholars) (MO) Dan David Fellowship (http://www.dandavidprize.org/scholarship-applications) (ER) European Union FP7 INFECT project (http://www.fp7infect.eu/) ERA-Net Plant project (http://www.erapg.org/publicpage.m?key=everyone&trail=/everyone) (ER) I-CORE Program of the Planning and Budgeting Committee and The Israel Science Foundation (grant No 41/11) (www.i-core.org.il/ISF) (UG) McDonnell foundation (https://www.jsmf.org/) (UG) German-Israeli Project Cooperation (DIP) (http://www.dfg.de/en/research_funding/programmes/international_cooperation/german_israeli_cooperation/) (MD) Spanish FPU grant (http://cepima.upc.edu/positions/FPU_2013) (MD) FEBS short term fellowship (http://www.febs.org/our-activities/fellowships/febs-short-term-fellowships/guidelines-for-febs-short-term-fellowships) (NBT) Grant No. 1775/12 of the I-CORE Program of the Planning and Budgeting Committee and The Israel Science Foundation