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This paper examines the degree of economic and political autonomy of peasants in monastic estates in 10th century Lotharingia. While it is beyond doubt that local societies were deeply enmeshed in networks of aristocratic control, it is also possible to identify areas of autonomy. Monastic lordship was not all encompassing as it was structurally limited in its capacity to control every aspect of peasants' lives and to prevent all forms of disobedience. Despite the violent and sometimes arbitrary nature of aristocratic power, negotiations between peasants and lords played an important role, especially as peasant households developed a form of subsistence economy that involved production for commercial exchange. In this context, some monasteries were willing to grant more productive means and autonomy to peasants. These initiatives were sometimes supported by a paternalistic «vocabulary of lordship» and a «moral economy» that patronized peasants, but could also be mobilized to support their interests. ; SCOPUS: ar.j ; info:eu-repo/semantics/published

This paper examines the degree of economic and political autonomy of peasants in monastic estates in 10th century Lotharingia. While it is beyond doubt that local societies were deeply enmeshed in networks of aristocratic control, it is also possible to identify areas of autonomy. Monastic lordship was not all encompassing as it was structurally limited in its capacity to control every aspect of peasants' lives and to prevent all forms of disobedience. Despite the violent and sometimes arbitrary nature of aristocratic power, negotiations between peasants and lords played an important role, especially as peasant households developed a form of subsistence economy that involved production for commercial exchange. In this context, some monasteries were willing to grant more productive means and autonomy to peasants. These initiatives were sometimes supported by a paternalistic «vocabulary of lordship» and a «moral economy» that patronized peasants, but could also be mobilized to support their interests. ; Este artículo examina el grado de autonomía económica y política de los campesinos en los dominios monásticos de la Lotaringia del siglo X. Aunque es indudable que las sociedades locales estaban profundamente imbricadas en redes de control aristocrático, también es posible identificar espacios de autonomía. El señorío monástico no lo abarcaba todo, ya que se encontraba estructuralmente limitado en cuanto a su capacidad para controlar todos los aspectos de la vida de los campesinos y para prevenir todas las formas de desobediencia. A pesar de la naturaleza violenta y a veces arbitraria del poder aristocrático, las negociaciones entre campesinos y señores jugaron un papel importante, especialmente cuando las familias campesinas desarrollaron una forma de economía de subsistencia que conllevaba una producción para el intercambio comercial. En este contexto, algunos monasterios estaban dispuestos a otorgar más medios productivos y autonomía a los campesinos. A veces, estas iniciativas estaban apoyadas por un «vocabulario de señorío» paternalista y una «economía moral» plasmada en un patronazgo sobre los campesinos, pero que también podía movilizarse para apoyar sus intereses.

On observe traditionnellement au XIIIe siècle une pression foncière sur les espaces incultes. Ce phénomène a été observé pour un espace fortement urbanisé comme les campagnes environnant la ville de Bruxelles et il est remarqué à la même période en Ardenne, dans une région plus strictement rurale. Dans les deux cas, il est indéniablement lié à une pression démographique sur l'environnement et correspond à l'apogée des « grands défrichements médiévaux ». Toutefois, la spécificité respective des deux régions tend à laisser penser que cette explication « malthusienne » est insuffisante et doit être complétée et améliorée par d'autres facteurs. À travers la comparaison de deux régions et l'analyse croisée des causes et des effets, le but de la communication est de saisir plus finement la mise en valeur des incultes à un moment clé de la "croissance médiévale" et de contribuer ainsi à la compréhension de celle-ci. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/published