Suchergebnisse

Objective: This study measured and compared the attitudes of German women and men towards sharing total housework, routine housework and non-routine housework in couples. Background: Although attitudes towards gender roles and the notion of separate spheres are important for understanding many aspects of family life, knowledge about situational variations of women's and men's attitudes towards housework sharing is limited. Method: Original data from a factorial survey of 1,120 German women and men from 2016 were used to describe variations in the attitudes of women and men towards three sets of housework using multilevel regression models. Results: Women and men expressed their attitudes towards equal sharing of total and routine housework, but non-routine housework was assigned to male partners in couples. Attitudes differed widely according to the context of the couple: In couples with similar economic resources, respondents favored equal sharing of housework, and in couples with unequal arrangements, the partner with fewer resources was tied to more housework and vice versa. Conclusion: When evaluating housework responsibilities, women and men in this study seemed to follow the principles of equity and balanced exchange.

Als fester Bestandteil der Energiewende haben Windenergieanlagen auf dem Festland wie auf See große Verbreitung gefunden und werden fortwährend in den gesellschaftlichen Lebensraum und in die Natur integriert. Infolgedessen unterscheiden sich die von ihrem Betrieb herrührenden Einwirkungen auf ihr Umfeld fundamental von denen konventioneller, zumeist isoliert betriebener Kraftwerke. Hinzukommt, dass der Betrieb von Windenergieanlagen regelmäßig nur unter Beteiligung einer Vielzahl von Personen möglich ist, was zu einer Erweiterung des für die Haftung relevanten Personenkreises führt. In dieser Arbeit werden die aus dem Betrieb von Windenergieanlagen erwachsenden Haftungsrisiken unter Berücksichtigung haftungsrelevanter Fragen aus dem internationalen Privatrecht im Zusammenhang mit Offshore-Windenergieanlagen und dem Sachenrecht hinsichtlich auf fremden Grund und Boden installierter Windenergieanlagen umfassend aufgearbeitet und auf ihre haftungs- und versicherungsrechtliche Relevanz hin untersucht. / »Liability and Insurance for the Operation of Wind Turbines« -- Unlike conventional power plants, wind turbines have become firmly integrated into residential and natural spaces. As a result of this proximity, the effects of wind turbines on their surrounding environment differ from those of conventional power plants. The extent to which and for whom a liability risk arises from these effects will be examined and comprehensively reviewed, taking into account liability-related questions from insurance contract law and international private law.

I present novel empirical evidence on the term structure of the equity risk premium. In contrast to previous research that documented high discount rates for the short-term component of the market portfolio, I show evidence for an unconditionally flat term structure of equity risk premia. The tension with previous literature arises largely as a result of differential treatments of heterogeneous investment taxes, manifested in micro evidence on abnormal equity returns on ex-dividend days, and liquidity. The results not only help resolve an important recent "puzzle" but provide further important insights on the role of investment taxes in asset pricing. (JEL G11, G12, G35)

The first chapter of this dissertation revisits discount rates. In a recent article "On the Timing and Pricing of Dividends", van Binsbergen, Brandt, and Koijen (2012) empirically investigate term structure properties of the equity premium by recovering prices of the short-term component of the market index. Their finding of a downward-sloping term structure of the equity premium contradicts predictions of many leading consumption-based asset pricing theories. In this paper, I provide an alternative explanation and show that the higher average rate of return on the short-term component of the index, as extracted by BBK, is fully explainable by the fact that investors are compensated for the extra tax burden of dividends on the ex-date and does not represent compensation for risk.The second chapter of this dissertation is co-authored with Raymond Fisman and Vikrant Vig and is titled "The Private Returns to Public Office". In this paper, we study the wealth accumulation of Indian state politicians using public disclosures required of all candidates. The annual asset growth of winners is 3-5 percent higher than runners-up, a difference that holds also in a set of close elections. The relative asset growth of winners is greater in more corrupt states and for those holding ministerial positions. These results are consistent with a rent-seeking explanation for the relatively high rate of growth in winners' assets.

Objective: To examine how the perception of work-family conflict relates to the share of parents in women's and men's direct coworking environments. Background: The idea of relational demography posits that individuals' relative positions within their coworking environments have an impact on their wellbeing. Depending on women's and men's parenthood status and the corresponding (dis-)similarity compared to their colleagues, this idea was applied to the perception of work-to-family and family-to-work conflicts. Method: Time-based and strain-based work-to-family and family-to-work conflicts were analyzed by gender and parenthood with random effects panel regression models using longitudinal data from the LEEP-B3-survey, a large-scale linked employer-employee survey from Germany (2012/2013 and 2014/2015; 2,228 women and 2,656 men). The composition of the respondents' working groups was included as a moderating variable. Results: Mothers and fathers of children aged 0-11 years reported higher work-to-family and family-to-work conflicts than parents of older children and childless women and men. For mothers of children aged 0-11 years, a higher share of parents in their working groups was associated with less time-based family-to-work conflict. For fathers of children aged 0-11 years, the same associations were found for overall work-to-family conflict, strain-based work-to-family conflict as well as for all dimensions of family-to-work conflict. Conclusion: Similarity between the team members regarding parenthood seemed to reduce mothers' and fathers' perceptions of work-family conflict beyond several other characteristics of the individuals and the workplaces.

Objective: To introduce the readers to the Journal of Family Research's Special Issue (4/2022) about "work-family conflict from the perspective of the family". Background: Research on work-family conflict rooted in family research and with an explicit focus on family issues has been comparatively rare compared to a more work-centered view. Method: Except for the review article, all contributions of this Special Issue are quantitative analyses of large-scale data from Germany, i.e., the "pairfam"-study, the "LEEP-B3"-study, and the "Growing up in Germany"-survey. Results: The seven studies are innately heterogeneous and show the range in which family research may contribute to the understanding of work-family conflict, and vice versa. Work-family conflict was studied in the context of the transition to parenthood, parenting practices, the composition of working environments, scaling back, mental health, and fertility preferences. Conclusion: Explicitly discussing family issues and their implications for work-family conflict is necessary to understand the interdependencies between family and work, and to pave the way towards a much broader understanding of the antecedents and consequences of work-family conflict in the context of family living.

"This study updates empirical knowledge about the development,(the educational stratification, and the decomposition of mothers' and fathers' childcare time in Germany with the most recent time use data. Using time series data from the German Time Use Study 2001/2002 and 2012/ 2013, we analyze time budgets for total childcare and six specific childcare activities on weekdays and weekends and estimate OLS regressions and Oaxaca decompositions. The study found that total childcare time has increased for mothers and fathers between 2001 and 2013 and that this change is predominantly due to increased time for basic childcare. It also found consistent evidence of an education gradient only for reading time with children. If there is significant change of time budgets between 2001 and 2013, this change seems to be driven by behavioral change rather than changing demographics. Our empirical findings on childcare time in Germany do not provide evidence of dynamics and stratification but rather of stability and similarity across parents' educational levels. Besides the updates on German parents' development, stratification and decomposition of time use for childcare, these analyses show that change in total childcare is not due to a proportional change over all single activities but due to changes in a few activities only." (author's abstract)

"On the basis of a qualitative longitudinal study of 14 German couples, the conditions that are necessary and sufficient for an equal division of labour in the transition to parenthood are examined in an explorative way. Based on the assumption that couples with educational homogamy on a high level are probably more prone and sufficiently assertive to establish egalitarian relationships, we show that such arrangements cannot be sustained or achieved without the existence of specific contiguous conditions. A comparison of attitudes, family values and norms with actual everyday routines also suggests in many cases the well-known 'verbal open-mindedness and rigid behaviour'." (author's abstract)

"Auf Basis einer qualitativen Längsschnittstudie von 14 deutschen Paaren werden die notwendigen und hinreichenden Bedingungen einer partnerschaftlichen Arbeitsteilung beim Übergang zur Elternschaft explorativ untersucht. Ausgehend von der These, dass hochgebildet-homogame Paare am ehesten geneigt und durchsetzungsstark genug sein dürften, eine egalitäre Paarbeziehung zu etablieren, wird gezeigt, dass solche Arrangements ohne spezifische Randbedingungen nicht aufrecht erhalten oder erreicht werden können. Ein Vergleich von Einstellungen, Familienwerten und -normen mit der gelebten Alltagspraxis deutet in vielen Fällen zudem auf die bekannte 'verbale Aufgeschlossenheit bei weitgehender Verhaltensstarre' hin." (Autorenreferat)