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In: Angewandter Umweltschutz
In: Umweltwissenschaften und Schadstoff-Forschung: UWSF ; Zeitschrift für Umweltchemie und Ökotoxikologie ; Organ des Verbandes für Geoökologie in Deutschland (VGöD) und der Eco-Informa, Band 10, Heft 2, S. 123-127
ISSN: 1865-5084
In: Environmental science and pollution research: ESPR, Band 22, Heft 24, S. 19632-19647
ISSN: 1614-7499
In: Umweltwissenschaften und Schadstoff-Forschung: UWSF ; Zeitschrift für Umweltchemie und Ökotoxikologie ; Organ des Verbandes für Geoökologie in Deutschland (VGöD) und der Eco-Informa, Band 18, Heft 1
ISSN: 1865-5084
In: Environmental science and pollution research: ESPR, Band 20, Heft 6, S. 3735-3742
ISSN: 1614-7499
In: Ecotoxicology and environmental safety: EES ; official journal of the International Society of Ecotoxicology and Environmental safety, Band 74, Heft 5, S. 1203-1209
ISSN: 1090-2414
In: Ecotoxicology and environmental safety: EES ; official journal of the International Society of Ecotoxicology and Environmental safety, Band 72, Heft 4, S. 1058-1062
ISSN: 1090-2414
In: Environmental science and pollution research: ESPR, Band 23, Heft 1, S. 673-682
ISSN: 1614-7499
In: Limnologica: ecology and management of inland waters, Band 42, Heft 3, S. 242-250
ISSN: 1873-5851
In: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Band 49, Heft 2, S. 171-178
In: Ecotoxicology and environmental safety: EES ; official journal of the International Society of Ecotoxicology and Environmental safety, Band 73, Heft 7, S. 1674-1680
ISSN: 1090-2414
In: Environmental sciences Europe: ESEU, Band 31, Heft 1
ISSN: 2190-4715
Abstract
The aquatic Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) for pesticides relies on standardized experimental protocols focusing on exposure via the water phase or the sediment. Systemic pesticides (e.g., neonicotinoids) or pesticides produced in transgenic plants (e.g., Bt proteins) can be introduced into aquatic ecosystems as part of plant residues. Consequently, they may be taken up by organisms as part of their diet. Here, we analyzed (i) whether standardized aquatic ecotoxicological test guidelines consider an exposure route via food and (ii) whether these tests can be easily modified to take this exposure route into account. From the 156 existing test guidelines, only those for fish and amphibians partly consider a potential route of uptake via food. From the remaining invertebrate guidelines, those focussing on chronic endpoints may be most suitable to cover this exposure path. We suggest assessing the food-related effects of systemic pesticides in a dose-dependent manner using standardized guidelines or methods developed from peer-reviewed literature. For transgenic plants, spiking uncontaminated leaf material with increasing concentrations of the test substances would allow to test for dose responses. After adaption to oral uptake, standard test guidelines currently available for the ERA appear, in principle, suitable for testing effects of systemic pesticides and transgenic plants.