Suchergebnisse

International audience ; Once previous industrial activity has ceased, brownfields are found in urban and suburban environments and managed in different ways ranging from being left untouched to total reconversion. These situations apply to large surface areas often impacted by residual diffuse pollution. Though significant and preventing any sensitive use, residual contamination does not necessarily require treatment. Moreover, conventional treatments show their technical and economic limits in these situations and gentle remediation options such as phytomanagement might appear more relevant to the management of those sites. Thus, these sites face up two major issues: managing moderate contamination levels and providing an alternative use of economic interest. This work proposes to assess a management strategy associating the phytoremediation of organic pollution along with the production of biomass for energy generation production. A 16-week controlled growth experiment was conducted on a soil substrate moderately impacted by multiple pollution (trace elements, mainly Zn and Pb, and hydrocarbons), by associating rhizodegradation with Medicago sativa or biomass production with Robinia pseudoacacia or Alnus incana in monocultures. The effect of a microbial inoculum amendment on the performances of these treatments was also evaluated. Results showed total hydrocarbons (TH), and to a lesser extent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), concentrations decreased over time, whatever the plant cover. Good biomass production yields were achieved for both tree species in comparison with the control sample, even though R. pseudoacacia seemed to perform better. Furthermore, the quality of the biomass produced was in conformity with the thresholds set by the legislation concerning its use as a renewable energy source.

International audience ; Once previous industrial activity has ceased, brownfields are found in urban and suburban environments and managed in different ways ranging from being left untouched to total reconversion. These situations apply to large surface areas often impacted by residual diffuse pollution. Though significant and preventing any sensitive use, residual contamination does not necessarily require treatment. Moreover, conventional treatments show their technical and economic limits in these situations and gentle remediation options such as phytomanagement might appear more relevant to the management of those sites. Thus, these sites face up two major issues: managing moderate contamination levels and providing an alternative use of economic interest. This work proposes to assess a management strategy associating the phytoremediation of organic pollution along with the production of biomass for energy generation production. A 16-week controlled growth experiment was conducted on a soil substrate moderately impacted by multiple pollution (trace elements, mainly Zn and Pb, and hydrocarbons), by associating rhizodegradation with Medicago sativa or biomass production with Robinia pseudoacacia or Alnus incana in monocultures. The effect of a microbial inoculum amendment on the performances of these treatments was also evaluated. Results showed total hydrocarbons (TH), and to a lesser extent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), concentrations decreased over time, whatever the plant cover. Good biomass production yields were achieved for both tree species in comparison with the control sample, even though R. pseudoacacia seemed to perform better. Furthermore, the quality of the biomass produced was in conformity with the thresholds set by the legislation concerning its use as a renewable energy source.

International audience ; Once previous industrial activity has ceased, brownfields are found in urban and suburban environments and managed in different ways ranging from being left untouched to total reconversion. These situations apply to large surface areas often impacted by residual diffuse pollution. Though significant and preventing any sensitive use, residual contamination does not necessarily require treatment. Moreover, conventional treatments show their technical and economic limits in these situations and gentle remediation options such as phytomanagement might appear more relevant to the management of those sites. Thus, these sites face up two major issues: managing moderate contamination levels and providing an alternative use of economic interest. This work proposes to assess a management strategy associating the phytoremediation of organic pollution along with the production of biomass for energy generation production. A 16-week controlled growth experiment was conducted on a soil substrate moderately impacted by multiple pollution (trace elements, mainly Zn and Pb, and hydrocarbons), by associating rhizodegradation with Medicago sativa or biomass production with Robinia pseudoacacia or Alnus incana in monocultures. The effect of a microbial inoculum amendment on the performances of these treatments was also evaluated. Results showed total hydrocarbons (TH), and to a lesser extent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), concentrations decreased over time, whatever the plant cover. Good biomass production yields were achieved for both tree species in comparison with the control sample, even though R. pseudoacacia seemed to perform better. Furthermore, the quality of the biomass produced was in conformity with the thresholds set by the legislation concerning its use as a renewable energy source.

International audience ; The purpose of this article is to understand how collective gardens are taken into account in French urban planning. To do this, it proposes a review of the law relating to collective gardens. In this regard, it notes its lack of efficiency. Focused on allotment gardens, the law is incapable of translating realities in constant evolution. Based on the study of the urban planning documents in 7 cities ((Lille, Grand Lyon, Marseille, Grand Nancy, Nantes, Paris-Ile-de-France, Grand Toulouse), this article demonstrates that Local town planning plans (Plans Locaux d'Urbanisme, PLU) are certainly more and more integrative but also very variable from one territorial context to another. Nevertheless, the commune remains, the scale of apprehension most relevant as for collective gardens. Based on a detailed analysis of the public policies dedicated to collective gardens in three representative cities (Marseille, Grand Nancy, Nantes), this article shows that the ad hoc devices created by the municipalities bring inequalities of regard and treatment according to the agglomerations and according to the forms of collective gardens. Indeed allotments and community gardens are often opposed. ; L'objectif du présent article est de comprendre comment les jardins collectifs sont pris en compte dans la planification et l'urbanisme français. Pour ce faire, il propose, tout d'abord, une revue du droit afférent aux potagers urbains. Il constate, à cet égard, son manque d'efficience. Restant uniquement centré sur les jardins familiaux, celui-ci se révèle, en effet, incapable de traduire des réalités de terrain en constante évolution. En se fondant sur l'étude des documents de planification et d'urbanisme de 7 agglomérations (Lille, Grand Lyon, Marseille, Grand Nancy, Nantes, Paris-Ile-de-France, Grand Toulouse), cet article démontre, ensuite, qu'en la matière les Plans locaux d'urbanisme (PLU) sont certes de plus en plus intégrateurs, mais aussi très fluctuants d'un contexte territorial à l'autre. La commune ...

International audience ; The purpose of this article is to understand how collective gardens are taken into account in French urban planning. To do this, it proposes a review of the law relating to collective gardens. In this regard, it notes its lack of efficiency. Focused on allotment gardens, the law is incapable of translating realities in constant evolution. Based on the study of the urban planning documents in 7 cities ((Lille, Grand Lyon, Marseille, Grand Nancy, Nantes, Paris-Ile-de-France, Grand Toulouse), this article demonstrates that Local town planning plans (Plans Locaux d'Urbanisme, PLU) are certainly more and more integrative but also very variable from one territorial context to another. Nevertheless, the commune remains, the scale of apprehension most relevant as for collective gardens. Based on a detailed analysis of the public policies dedicated to collective gardens in three representative cities (Marseille, Grand Nancy, Nantes), this article shows that the ad hoc devices created by the municipalities bring inequalities of regard and treatment according to the agglomerations and according to the forms of collective gardens. Indeed allotments and community gardens are often opposed. ; L'objectif du présent article est de comprendre comment les jardins collectifs sont pris en compte dans la planification et l'urbanisme français. Pour ce faire, il propose, tout d'abord, une revue du droit afférent aux potagers urbains. Il constate, à cet égard, son manque d'efficience. Restant uniquement centré sur les jardins familiaux, celui-ci se révèle, en effet, incapable de traduire des réalités de terrain en constante évolution. En se fondant sur l'étude des documents de planification et d'urbanisme de 7 agglomérations (Lille, Grand Lyon, Marseille, Grand Nancy, Nantes, Paris-Ile-de-France, Grand Toulouse), cet article démontre, ensuite, qu'en la matière les Plans locaux d'urbanisme (PLU) sont certes de plus en plus intégrateurs, mais aussi très fluctuants d'un contexte territorial à l'autre. La commune ...

International audience ; The purpose of this article is to understand how collective gardens are taken into account in French urban planning. To do this, it proposes a review of the law relating to collective gardens. In this regard, it notes its lack of efficiency. Focused on allotment gardens, the law is incapable of translating realities in constant evolution. Based on the study of the urban planning documents in 7 cities ((Lille, Grand Lyon, Marseille, Grand Nancy, Nantes, Paris-Ile-de-France, Grand Toulouse), this article demonstrates that Local town planning plans (Plans Locaux d'Urbanisme, PLU) are certainly more and more integrative but also very variable from one territorial context to another. Nevertheless, the commune remains, the scale of apprehension most relevant as for collective gardens. Based on a detailed analysis of the public policies dedicated to collective gardens in three representative cities (Marseille, Grand Nancy, Nantes), this article shows that the ad hoc devices created by the municipalities bring inequalities of regard and treatment according to the agglomerations and according to the forms of collective gardens. Indeed allotments and community gardens are often opposed. ; L'objectif du présent article est de comprendre comment les jardins collectifs sont pris en compte dans la planification et l'urbanisme français. Pour ce faire, il propose, tout d'abord, une revue du droit afférent aux potagers urbains. Il constate, à cet égard, son manque d'efficience. Restant uniquement centré sur les jardins familiaux, celui-ci se révèle, en effet, incapable de traduire des réalités de terrain en constante évolution. En se fondant sur l'étude des documents de planification et d'urbanisme de 7 agglomérations (Lille, Grand Lyon, Marseille, Grand Nancy, Nantes, Paris-Ile-de-France, Grand Toulouse), cet article démontre, ensuite, qu'en la matière les Plans locaux d'urbanisme (PLU) sont certes de plus en plus intégrateurs, mais aussi très fluctuants d'un contexte territorial à l'autre. La commune ...

International audience ; The purpose of this article is to understand how collective gardens are taken into account in French urban planning. To do this, it proposes a review of the law relating to collective gardens. In this regard, it notes its lack of efficiency. Focused on allotment gardens, the law is incapable of translating realities in constant evolution. Based on the study of the urban planning documents in 7 cities ((Lille, Grand Lyon, Marseille, Grand Nancy, Nantes, Paris-Ile-de-France, Grand Toulouse), this article demonstrates that Local town planning plans (Plans Locaux d'Urbanisme, PLU) are certainly more and more integrative but also very variable from one territorial context to another. Nevertheless, the commune remains, the scale of apprehension most relevant as for collective gardens. Based on a detailed analysis of the public policies dedicated to collective gardens in three representative cities (Marseille, Grand Nancy, Nantes), this article shows that the ad hoc devices created by the municipalities bring inequalities of regard and treatment according to the agglomerations and according to the forms of collective gardens. Indeed allotments and community gardens are often opposed. ; L'objectif du présent article est de comprendre comment les jardins collectifs sont pris en compte dans la planification et l'urbanisme français. Pour ce faire, il propose, tout d'abord, une revue du droit afférent aux potagers urbains. Il constate, à cet égard, son manque d'efficience. Restant uniquement centré sur les jardins familiaux, celui-ci se révèle, en effet, incapable de traduire des réalités de terrain en constante évolution. En se fondant sur l'étude des documents de planification et d'urbanisme de 7 agglomérations (Lille, Grand Lyon, Marseille, Grand Nancy, Nantes, Paris-Ile-de-France, Grand Toulouse), cet article démontre, ensuite, qu'en la matière les Plans locaux d'urbanisme (PLU) sont certes de plus en plus intégrateurs, mais aussi très fluctuants d'un contexte territorial à l'autre. La commune ...

International audience ; The purpose of this article is to understand how collective gardens are taken into account in French urban planning. To do this, it proposes a review of the law relating to collective gardens. In this regard, it notes its lack of efficiency. Focused on allotment gardens, the law is incapable of translating realities in constant evolution. Based on the study of the urban planning documents in 7 cities ((Lille, Grand Lyon, Marseille, Grand Nancy, Nantes, Paris-Ile-de-France, Grand Toulouse), this article demonstrates that Local town planning plans (Plans Locaux d'Urbanisme, PLU) are certainly more and more integrative but also very variable from one territorial context to another. Nevertheless, the commune remains, the scale of apprehension most relevant as for collective gardens. Based on a detailed analysis of the public policies dedicated to collective gardens in three representative cities (Marseille, Grand Nancy, Nantes), this article shows that the ad hoc devices created by the municipalities bring inequalities of regard and treatment according to the agglomerations and according to the forms of collective gardens. Indeed allotments and community gardens are often opposed. ; L'objectif du présent article est de comprendre comment les jardins collectifs sont pris en compte dans la planification et l'urbanisme français. Pour ce faire, il propose, tout d'abord, une revue du droit afférent aux potagers urbains. Il constate, à cet égard, son manque d'efficience. Restant uniquement centré sur les jardins familiaux, celui-ci se révèle, en effet, incapable de traduire des réalités de terrain en constante évolution. En se fondant sur l'étude des documents de planification et d'urbanisme de 7 agglomérations (Lille, Grand Lyon, Marseille, Grand Nancy, Nantes, Paris-Ile-de-France, Grand Toulouse), cet article démontre, ensuite, qu'en la matière les Plans locaux d'urbanisme (PLU) sont certes de plus en plus intégrateurs, mais aussi très fluctuants d'un contexte territorial à l'autre. La commune ...

International audience ; In the current Anthropocene, in which human activities have become the major driving force affecting the environment, Soils of Urban, Industrial, Traffic, Mining, and military Areas (SUITMAs) are spreading. If we consider urban expansion as a proxy of these areas, up to 3% of the world land surface is already covered by SUITMAs and this percentage is growing. SUITMAs are often considered as degraded soils however they provide a wide range of ecosystem services (ES), including provisioning, regulating, and cultural services. To design and explore sustainable, and consistent scenarios for land-use planning including operations like brownfield rehabilitation or the development of urban green areas, there is a need to asses the various ES that are supported by SUITMAs. Whereas still under-developed, soil models adapted to SUITMAs are a basis to quantify and predict ES at the territory scale. Thus the objective of this communication is to review the state of development in the modeling of soil processes that support ES in SUITMAs. Our work is based on two recently published position papers (Morel et al., 2015, Ecosystem services provided by soils of urban, industrial, traffic, mining, and military areas (SUITMAs), Journal of Soils and Sediments and Leguédois et al., 2016, Modelling pedogenesis of Technosols, Geoderma). This mixed technical and conceptual analysis, including a detailed review of a corpus of existing models, allows us to address at once the features of a modeling framework for SUITMAs: the modeling approach, the identification of relevant soil processes, the time scales, and the spatial representation. Concerning the modeling approach, our work highlights that a SUITMAs' framework can be based on: (i) the process-based approach already well developed for others soils; (ii) the coupling of the numerous existing models, this coupling being facilitated by the use of techniques like modeling platforms, uncertainty and sensitivity analyses, or Bayesian methods. According to our ...

International audience ; In the current Anthropocene, in which human activities have become the major driving force affecting the environment, Soils of Urban, Industrial, Traffic, Mining, and military Areas (SUITMAs) are spreading. If we consider urban expansion as a proxy of these areas, up to 3% of the world land surface is already covered by SUITMAs and this percentage is growing. SUITMAs are often considered as degraded soils however they provide a wide range of ecosystem services (ES), including provisioning, regulating, and cultural services. To design and explore sustainable, and consistent scenarios for land-use planning including operations like brownfield rehabilitation or the development of urban green areas, there is a need to asses the various ES that are supported by SUITMAs. Whereas still under-developed, soil models adapted to SUITMAs are a basis to quantify and predict ES at the territory scale. Thus the objective of this communication is to review the state of development in the modeling of soil processes that support ES in SUITMAs. Our work is based on two recently published position papers (Morel et al., 2015, Ecosystem services provided by soils of urban, industrial, traffic, mining, and military areas (SUITMAs), Journal of Soils and Sediments and Leguédois et al., 2016, Modelling pedogenesis of Technosols, Geoderma). This mixed technical and conceptual analysis, including a detailed review of a corpus of existing models, allows us to address at once the features of a modeling framework for SUITMAs: the modeling approach, the identification of relevant soil processes, the time scales, and the spatial representation. Concerning the modeling approach, our work highlights that a SUITMAs' framework can be based on: (i) the process-based approach already well developed for others soils; (ii) the coupling of the numerous existing models, this coupling being facilitated by the use of techniques like modeling platforms, uncertainty and sensitivity analyses, or Bayesian methods. According to our ...

In the current Anthropocene, in which human activities have become the major driving force affecting the environment, Soils of Urban, Industrial, Traffic, Mining, and military Areas (SUITMAs) are spreading. If we consider urban expansion as a proxy of these areas, up to 3% of the world land surface is already covered by SUITMAs and this percentage is growing. SUITMAs are often considered as degraded soils however they provide a wide range of ecosystem services (ES), including provisioning, regulating, and cultural services. To design and explore sustainable, and consistent scenarios for land-use planning including operations like brownfield rehabilitation or the development of urban green areas, there is a need to asses the various ES that are supported by SUITMAs. Whereas still under-developed, soil models adapted to SUITMAs are a basis to quantify and predict ES at the territory scale. Thus the objective of this communication is to review the state of development in the modeling of soil processes that support ES in SUITMAs. Our work is based on two recently published position papers (Morel et al., 2015, Ecosystem services provided by soils of urban, industrial, traffic, mining, and military areas (SUITMAs), Journal of Soils and Sediments and Leguédois et al., 2016, Modelling pedogenesis of Technosols, Geoderma). This mixed technical and conceptual analysis, including a detailed review of a corpus of existing models, allows us to address at once the features of a modeling framework for SUITMAs: the modeling approach, the identification of relevant soil processes, the time scales, and the spatial representation. Concerning the modeling approach, our work highlights that a SUITMAs' framework can be based on: (i) the process-based approach already well developed for others soils; (ii) the coupling of the numerous existing models, this coupling being facilitated by the use of techniques like modeling platforms, uncertainty and sensitivity analyses, or Bayesian methods. According to our work, the most crucial processes needed to represent ES in SUITMAs are related to structure dynamic (aggregation and porosity evolution, compaction), microbial activity, water transfer, and evolution of anthropic or natural organic matters. Whereas water transfer is globally well modeled, developments are necessary for the others processes. As soil processes like organic matter degradation or water transfer are highly seasonal, the models designed for ES assessment have to perform at the annual scale. Longer-term changes have also to be integrated at a decade scale as this timing is consistent with land-use planning. However, models at the decade scale are lacking. Soil's process-based models are mainly dealing with the profile scale and the developments for SUITMAs are focused on this scale but integration at a larger scale is needed to consider ES assessment at the territory level. Along with identified developments in SUITMAs' modelling, the global quantification and prediction of ES need to integrate, among others, economical and social dimensions. To do so, soil models could either by used in a companion approach or coupled in interdisciplinary global models.

Pedogenic processes in soils of urban, industrial, traffic, mining and military areas

Pedogenic processes in soils of urban, industrial, traffic, mining and military areas