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This article examines the relationship between women's economic and social empowerment in the context of extreme poverty. It is based on the findings of primary fieldwork on the char islands of north-west Bangladesh, investigating the processes resulting from the implementation of the Chars Livelihoods Programme (CLP). The first phase of the CLP, funded by the UK government's Department for International Development (DFID), operated from 2004-2010. Its central activity was the transfer of approximately £100s' worth of investment capital to targeted extremely poor households. This investment capital was given specifically to a woman within that household and the majority of these female beneficiaries used it to purchase cattle. This article argues that interventions which adopt primarily an economic entry point can contribute to women's empowerment beyond the economic realm, including in terms of changing intra-household relationships and increasing women's self-esteem. Clearly interventions beyond the economic sphere are needed to ensure that this empowerment is sustainable and can contribute to changing social norms. However, the contribution which practical gender needs make in providing a basis for extremely poor women to achieve their future strategic gender needs should not be underestimated.

The African Marine Atlas was developed as a Pan-African regional product providing access to maps, images, data and information to a wide range of users at the regional scale. The atlas ; UNESCO/IOC/IODE/Flanders government, Belguim ; African Marine Atlas Mapserver demonstration site. www.africanmarineatlas.net ; Published ; AMA ; Atlas

Tanzania is a politically stable, much aided country that has consistently grown economically during the first decade of the millennium, while also improving its human development indicators. However, poverty has remained persistent, particularly within rural areas. This collaborative work delves into the reasons why this is so - and what can be done to improve the record. The book is the product of both Tanzanian and international poverty experts, based on largely qualitative research undertaken within Tanzania by the Chronic Poverty Research Centre (CPRC). The authors highlight and discuss the importance of macro- and micro-level causes of the persistence of poverty. The latter, on which the book is focused, centre around a negative dynamic affecting a large number of poor households in which widespread failure to provide household food security undermines gender relationships and reduces the possibility of saving and asset accumulation which is necessary for escaping poverty. This results in very low upward mobility. Vulnerability is widespread and resilience against shocks minimal, even for those who are not absolutely poor. Through an in-depth and broad analysis of poverty in Tanzania, the book provides alternative conclusions to those often repeated in the poverty discourse in international and local arenas.

Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Introduction -- Observations on the Case Studies -- Lessons Learned -- Mixed-Use Evolution -- Compact, Small-Site Mixed-Use Projects -- Harper Court, Chicago, Illinois, United States -- Woodward's, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada -- Mixed-Use Projects Combining Retail Malls, Hotels, and Offices -- Altmarkt-Galerie, Dresden, Germany -- Life Hub @ Daning, Shanghai, China -- Mixed-use Town Centers and Urban Villages in Suburban Areas -- CityCentre, Houston, Texas, United States -- North Hills, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States -- Large, Urban Mixed-use Development Districts -- King's Cross, London, United Kingdom -- Knowledge and Innovation Community, Shanghai, China -- Porta Nuova, Milan, Italy.