Suchergebnisse

In Tunisia and Morocco, the social and political turning points since 2011 have given new strength to the associative movement, highlighting social issues that were previously passed over in silence. Thus, "unmarried mothers" become, through associative mobilization, not only an intervention category but also a public problem. However, the State, by refusing to become directly involved to "not encourage deviant behaviors," it by default delegate to these associations the containment of the moral problem of poor women with illegitimate children. The social treatment of non-married mothers, done by these associations with their international connections, take the form of care programs based on maternalism and normativity. In addition, these organizations engage to "reintegrate" women who, without family support, are marginalized from social and legal protection. Using compassionate semantics on vulnerability and need, they aim to win public support in order to create rights and public policies, showing the political intentionality of care. However, these actions reproduce and deepen inequalities along gender, class and status lines. Through a long-term ethnography with child protection organizations and single mothers' support associations, using a socio-historical approach, this thesis tracks the evolution of family law and the processes involved in the transformation of social relations between the sexes in these Maghreb societies. The comparison between the two countries will show the similarities, the differences and the moral as well as the political injunctions of each one withregard to the social treatment of women and children outside marriage. ; En Tunisie et au Maroc, les tournants sociopolitiques, depuis 2011, confèrent une nouvelle force au mouvement associatif. Ils contribuent en effet à faire émerger et rendre visibles des questions sociales, autrefois passées sous-silence. Ainsi, les « mères célibataires » deviennent, par la mobilisation associative, non seulement une catégorie d'intervention mais également un problème public. Or, l'État, en refusant de s'investir directement « pour ne pas encourager des conduites déviantes », délègue à ce secteur la contention du problème moral des femmes pauvres ayant des enfants illégitimes. Le traitement social des mères non mariées, conduit par ces associations avec leur interface internationale, prend alors la forme de care fondé sur le maternalisme et la normativité. De surcroît, ces organisations s'engagent dans la "réinsertion" des femmes qui, sans soutien familial, sont en marge de la protection sociale et juridique. En utilisant une sémantique compassionnelle sur la vulnérabilité et le besoin, elles veulent gagner l'opinion publique afin de produire des droits et des politiques publiques, montrant ainsi l'intentionnalité politique du care. Toutefois, ces actions reproduisent et creusent des inégalités le long des lignes de genre, de classe et de statut. Grâce à une ethnographie de longue durée auprès d'organisations de protection de l'enfance et d'associations de soutien aux mères célibataires, ainsi que par une approchesociohistorique, cette thèse permet de suivre l'évolution du droit de la famille et des processus qui participent à la transformation des rapports sociaux entre les sexes dans ces sociétés du Maghreb. La comparaison entre les deux pays montrera les similitudes, les différences et les injonctions aussi bien morales que politiques propres à chacun en ce qui concerne le traitement social des femmes et des enfants en dehors du cadre du mariage.

In Tunisia and Morocco, the social and political turning points since 2011 have given new strength to the associative movement, highlighting social issues that were previously passed over in silence. Thus, "unmarried mothers" become, through associative mobilization, not only an intervention category but also a public problem. However, the State, by refusing to become directly involved to "not encourage deviant behaviors," it by default delegate to these associations the containment of the moral problem of poor women with illegitimate children. The social treatment of non-married mothers, done by these associations with their international connections, take the form of care programs based on maternalism and normativity. In addition, these organizations engage to "reintegrate" women who, without family support, are marginalized from social and legal protection. Using compassionate semantics on vulnerability and need, they aim to win public support in order to create rights and public policies, showing the political intentionality of care. However, these actions reproduce and deepen inequalities along gender, class and status lines. Through a long-term ethnography with child protection organizations and single mothers' support associations, using a socio-historical approach, this thesis tracks the evolution of family law and the processes involved in the transformation of social relations between the sexes in these Maghreb societies. The comparison between the two countries will show the similarities, the differences and the moral as well as the political injunctions of each one withregard to the social treatment of women and children outside marriage. ; En Tunisie et au Maroc, les tournants sociopolitiques, depuis 2011, confèrent une nouvelle force au mouvement associatif. Ils contribuent en effet à faire émerger et rendre visibles des questions sociales, autrefois passées sous-silence. Ainsi, les « mères célibataires » deviennent, par la mobilisation associative, non seulement une catégorie d'intervention mais ...

In Tunisia and Morocco, the social and political turning points since 2011 have given new strength to the associative movement, highlighting social issues that were previously passed over in silence. Thus, "unmarried mothers" become, through associative mobilization, not only an intervention category but also a public problem. However, the State, by refusing to become directly involved to "not encourage deviant behaviors," it by default delegate to these associations the containment of the moral problem of poor women with illegitimate children. The social treatment of non-married mothers, done by these associations with their international connections, take the form of care programs based on maternalism and normativity. In addition, these organizations engage to "reintegrate" women who, without family support, are marginalized from social and legal protection. Using compassionate semantics on vulnerability and need, they aim to win public support in order to create rights and public policies, showing the political intentionality of care. However, these actions reproduce and deepen inequalities along gender, class and status lines. Through a long-term ethnography with child protection organizations and single mothers' support associations, using a socio-historical approach, this thesis tracks the evolution of family law and the processes involved in the transformation of social relations between the sexes in these Maghreb societies. The comparison between the two countries will show the similarities, the differences and the moral as well as the political injunctions of each one withregard to the social treatment of women and children outside marriage. ; En Tunisie et au Maroc, les tournants sociopolitiques, depuis 2011, confèrent une nouvelle force au mouvement associatif. Ils contribuent en effet à faire émerger et rendre visibles des questions sociales, autrefois passées sous-silence. Ainsi, les « mères célibataires » deviennent, par la mobilisation associative, non seulement une catégorie d'intervention mais ...