Suchergebnisse

1. Reflections on the Asian and sub-prime crises / Charles Adams -- 2. Putting the politics back in : financial crises in comparative perspective / Mark Beeson -- 3. Social origins of financial crises / Kurtulus Gemici -- 4. The legal framework and its efficacy / Stanley Siegel -- 5. Regulatory framework : the winning/losing architecture / Lan Luh Luh and Hans Tjio -- 6. Role of International Monetary Fund, World Bank and Asian Development Bbank in tackling financial crises in Asia / Sanja Samirana Pattnayak and Alka Chadha -- 7. Islamic banking : what can we learn? / Tarek Coury -- 8. How the media shapes perceptions and fuels psychology in financial crises / Thomas Oberlechner -- 9. Conclusion / Seetharam Kallidaikurichi E.

ASEAN Plus Three countries face a number of challenges in terms of economic waterscarcity, water use, water quality, drinking water and sanitation supply and waterrelated disasters. It examines the countries' ability to address these challenges from various aspects and highlights data availability and compatibility as an obstacle to the understanding of the region's water management performances. (East Asian Pol/GIGA)

1. Introduction : The dynamics of living cities / Seetharam Kallidaikurichi and Belinda Yuen -- 2. Developing strategically competitive cities / Ng Mee Kam and Dennis Hui Lai Hang -- 3. Committed cities and the problems of governance : Micromanaging the unmanageable / John Wanna and Jennifer Craik -- 4. Resilient infrastructure cities / Peter Newman -- 5. Transport and communications cities / Peter White -- 6. Benchmarking IT cities / Kenneth E. Corey and Mark I. Wilson -- 7. Environmentally sustainable cities / Jeremy Harris and Rita Padawangi -- 8. Creating and sustaining liveable cities / Austin Ley and Peter Newton -- 9. Adequate shelter cities / Belinda Yuen -- 10. Achieving sustainable cities / Seetharam Kallidaikurichi, Priyanka Anand and Daniel Tay -- 11. Conclusion : The actionable agenda of living cities / Belinda Yuen and Seetharam Kallidaikurichi -- Afterword : Another view / Jay W. Forrester.

The top 12 development journals published a total of 18,329 papers during the period 2000.2020. Out of these, just 51 focused on sanitation and related issues, which are the focus of this review. Results were mixed on the efficiency of sanitation delivery since political factors and administrative characteristics vary across locations. Accountability and leadership, especially at the local level, appear to be important driving forces. There is a need for more case studies that analyze what works, and what does not, in specific locations. Also, further studies will have to investigate how to influence the norms, traditions, and beliefs towards favorably supporting household sanitation decisions. Additionally, governments should enhance their social welfare programs to address socioeconomic inequalities (i.e., income, gender, and rural-urban disparities), which also critically affect individual and household sanitation investments. Efforts at national and international levels are needed to encourage research on the various dimensions of sanitation.

This research piece is an empirical attempt to model the Indian economy at an aggregate level with annual data, ranging from 1980 to 2019. The major theoretical premise of the paper mimics the New Keynesian framework, which is based on the microeconomic foundations of Keynesian economics. The paper proposes a whole economic structure in the form of nine equations. Aggregate demand is modeled with the help of four equations, representing consumption, private investment, exports, and imports. Aggregate supply assumes the form of a simple neoclassical production function where labor, capital, and exogenous technical progress are considered as inputs. Further, inflation is assumed to follow a New Keynesian representation whereas the LM curve has its standard form with income and short-term rate of interest as its determinants. Subsequently, a linking equation, expressing long-run interest rates as a function of short-term interest rates and government investment, is proposed to unify monetary policy and fiscal policy to goods markets. Finally, tax is estimated as a function of per capita income. A structural equation model is employed for the empirical analysis and findings support the theoretical expectations. Consumption follows the absolute income hypothesis and private investment is governed by the accelerator principle. Further, the negative sign of nominal interest rates in the investment function confirms an inverse relation between the former and private capital formation. Exports are found to be influenced by world income, exchange rates, and government capital formation, and import demand is determined by domestic income, the difference between domestic and international inflation, and the lagged exchange rate. From the policy perspective, this paper suggests the suitability of fiscal and monetary policies for increasing growth in the Indian economy. However, the effectiveness of expansionary fiscal policy is observed to have a larger impact on growth than easy monetary policy. This inference is drawn mainly on the basis of a simulation exercise for the proposed structural equation model.