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Robert Seidel ; Inhaltstext ; Inhaltsverzeichnis ; Volltext // Exemplar mit der Signatur: München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek -- PVA 2006.3692

von Robert Seidel ; Volltext // Exemplar mit der Signatur: München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek -- 81.89647

To be an expert was to assume a position of special significance in public life during and following the Progressive Era in America. To be trained in scientific principles of medicine, sociology, public administration, or economics was to be prepared to develop the opportunities and promises of American life and to reform those institutions and ideas that hindered progress. Some attention has been drawn to the limited use by government of professional academic economists starting in the early years of the twentieth century. But the work of American economists as advisers has generally been neglected, especially in relation to the study of American foreign relations. Focussing upon the work of Edwin W. Kemmerer in the five Andean countries of South America between 1923 and 1931, this article is an attempt to indicate the possibilities for fruitful research into various dimensions of foreign economic advising.

Computer-based training and education are becoming increasingly prevalent and important. This article discusses the history of automated instruction, current applications, issues and problems, and future prospects. Current applications include such traditional uses of computers as testing, drills, tutorials, games, simulations, and student management. New applications include embedded training, computer literacy, interactive videodisc, and electronic lectures. The most important issue in automated instruction at present is the time and costs associated with the development of courseware. Other important problems include the difficulty of implementing individualized instruction in organizations accustomed to classroom teaching, the scarcity of educators who are computer literate, and the evaluation of courseware. Microcomputers have greatly accelerated the growth of computer-based instruction in all domains. Intelligent CAI, authoring systems, hand-held computers, speech processing, and telecommunication technologies such as videotex are seen as shaping the future direction of automated instruction.