Suchergebnisse

Der Fachartikel beschäftigt sich mit der Aufbringung von elektrischen Leiterbahnen aus Aktivlot auf Keramikkörper. In Versuchen konnte eine Befüllung von Kavitäten in Oxidkeramikkörpern mit Aktivlot erzielt werden. Anschließend wurde der Zusammenhang des Volumenanteils der Legierungskomponenten mit dem spezifischen Widerstand untersucht. Dies bietet die Grundlage für weitere Untersuchungen, den elektrischen Widerstand des Lots für die Anwendung als Leiterbahnmaterial zu optimieren.
 
This paper is concerned with the application of electrical traces of active solder on ceramic bodies. In experiments, a filling of cavities in ceramics could be achieved by using active solder. Subsequently, the connection of the volume fraction of the alloy components with the electrical resistance was investigated. This provides the basis for further investigations to optimize the electrical resistance of the solder for use as interconnecting material.

Background: Carbapenem resistance in Gram-negative bacteria is associated with severe infections in the hospital setting. No uniform screening policy or agreed set of criteria exists within the EU to inform treatment decisions for infections caused by carbapenemAim: To develop a range of consensus statements to survey experts in carbapenem resistance, to identify potential similarities and differences across the EU and across specialties. Methods: The survey contained 43 statements, covering six key topics relating to carbapenem-resistant organisms: microbiological screening; diagnosis; infection control implementation; antibiotic stewardship; use of resources; and influencing policy. Findings: In total, 136 survey responses were received (66% infectious disease specialists, 18% microbiologists, 11% intensive care specialists, 4% other/unknown) from France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Spain, and the UK. High, or very high, levels of agreement were seen for all 43 consensus statements, indicating good alignment concerning early identification and optimal management of infection due to carbapenem-resistant organisms. Conclusion: We offer the following recommendations: (1) screening is required when a patient may have been exposed to the healthcare system in countries/hospitals where carbapenem-resistant organisms are endemic; (2) rapid diagnostic tools should be available in every institution; (3) all institutions should have a specific policy for the control of carbapenem-resistant organisms, which is routinely audited; (4) clear strategies are required to define both appropriate and inappropriate use of carbapenems; (5) priority funding should be allocated to the management of infections due to carbapenem-resistant organisms; and (6) international co-operation is required to reduce country-to-country transmission of carbapenem-resistant organisms. (c) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The Healthcare Infection Society. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

[Objectives] To investigate the molecular epidemiology, antimicrobial susceptibility and carbapenem resistance determinants of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from respiratory tract samples of patients diagnosed with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) who were enrolled in the MagicBullet clinical trial. ; [Methods] A. baumannii isolates were prospectively cultured from respiratory tract samples from 65 patients from 15 hospitals in Greece, Italy and Spain. Susceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilution. Carbapenem resistance determinants were identified by PCR and sequencing. Molecular epidemiology was investigated using rep-PCR (DiversiLab) and international clones (IC) were identified using our in-house database. ; [Results] Of 65 isolates, all but two isolates (97%) were resistant to imipenem and these were always associated with an acquired carbapenemase, OXA-23 (80%), OXA-40 (4.6%), OXA-58 (1.5%) or OXA-23/58 (1.5%). Resistance to colistin was 47.7%. Twenty-two isolates were XDR, and 20 isolates were pandrug-resistant (PDR). The majority of isolates clustered with IC2 (n = 54) with one major subtype comprising isolates from 12 hospitals in the three countries, which included 19 XDR and 16 PDR isolates. ; [Conclusions] Carbapenem resistance rates were very high in A. baumannii recovered from patients with VAP. Almost half of the isolates were colistin resistant, and 42 (64.6%) isolates were XDR or PDR. Rep-PCR confirmed IC2 is the predominant clonal lineage in Europe and suggests the presence of an epidemic XDR/PDR A. baumannii clone that has spread in Greece, Italy and Spain. These data highlight the difficulty in empirical treatment of patients with A. baumannii VAP in centres with a high prevalence of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii. ; This work was supported by the MagicBullet study. MagicBullet is a project funded by the European Union Directorate-General for Research and Innovation through the Seventh Framework Program for Research and Development (grant agreement 278232) and has been running since 1 January 2012 (duration, 48 months). Paul G. Higgins was supported by grant FOR2251 from the German Research Council (DFG) (www.acinetobacter.de). ; Peer reviewed