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1. Political communication online : a field in flux -- 2. ICON : a visual approach to multimodality in political communication -- 3. Investigating political communication online : analytical levels and procedures -- 4. Political communication online at a multimodal glance : general trends and characteristics -- 5. News and campaigns : findings from two traditional genres of political communication -- 6. NGOs and social movements : political communication with social origins -- 7. Moving forward : evolving genres and future research directions in political communication online.

"The impact of the Internet on political communication has been significant and multifaceted: it expanded the reach of political messages; opened the floodgates of decontextualization and intercultural misunderstanding; made room for new genres and forms; and allowed for the incorporation of every previously existing communication mode into complex multilayered documents. Political Communication Online places these developments in their social and media context, covers various disciplinary backgrounds and how they can contribute to a common understanding of the evolving online media landscape, and proposes a novel methodological tool for the analysis of political communication online. Seizov offers an approach that places context at the core of the theoretical and methodological discussion by discussing the traits of online communication that make it a unique communication environment. The book then brings together different disciplines which have important contributions for the study of political communication online but have not been integrated for this purpose so far, such as visual communication, multimodal research, and cognitive psychology. Seizov introduces the book's main theoretical and methodological contribution to multimodal document analysis, the annotation scheme "Imagery and Communication in Online Narratives" (ICON), and explores how the ICON approach works in practice"--

The field of political communication has long cast its eye on the Internet and beyond its traditional US-American focus. Nevertheless, research into the Web's full palette of expression means as well as across a wider, non-Western territory, remains modest. This paper analyzes how five major Bulgarian political parties presented themselves on the Web in one of the most heated and controversial elections since the fall of the totalitarian regime in 1989/1990. To shine a light on Bulgarian political communication, the paper takes the October 2014 parliamentary election campaign in Bulgaria, which took place amid unprecedented society-wide discontent and tension. It takes a close look at five major parties' online platforms. It applies a multimodal content-analytical framework to a total of N=64 webpages. Distinct visual, textual, and multimodal persuasive strategies flesh out, and their relationships to each party's background and poll performance are explored.

1.Introduction: Rethinking Multimodality in the Twenty-first Century / Janina Wildfeuer -- 2.Vectors / Theo van Leeuwen -- 3.The "Same" Meaning across Modes? Some Reflections on Transduction as Translation / Søren Vigild Poulsen -- 4.Modeling Multimodal Stratification / Morten Boeriis -- 5.Understanding Multimodal Meaning Making: Theories of Multimodality in the Light of Reception Studies / Hans-Jurgen Bucher -- 6.Approaching Multimodality from the Functional-pragmatic Perspective / Arne Krause -- 7.Audio Description: A Practical Application of Multimodal Studies / Christopher Taylor -- 8.Multimodal Translational Research: Teaching Visual Texts / Serene Tan Kok Yin -- 9."Wikiganda": Detecting Bias in Multimodal Wikipedia Entries / Marc Debus -- 10.Exploring Organizational Heritage Identity: The Multimodal Communication Strategies / Carmen Daniela Maier -- 11.The "Bologna Process" as a Territory of Knowledge: A Contextualization Analysis / Yannik Porsche -- 12.Afterword: Toward a New Discipline of Multimodality / Ognyan Seizov.

Online information obligations have come under heavy criticism, among other things because they are felt to be too numerous, too long, and insufficiently transparent. To date, empirical research on online disclosures employed quantitative research designs that were restricted to a consumer-centric perspective in pre-contract conclusion scenarios. The aim of this article is to add to our understanding of online information disclosures in Europe by investigating them from multiple perspectives. We report on how the most relevant stakeholders inGermany, the largest consumermarket in the EUand the pioneer of the transparency principle, view disclosures online as currently defined in European law.We obtained responses on online information obligations' goals and target groups, their shortcomings and how they could be improved, compliance and processing costs for businesses and consumers, and transparency. We conclude by advocating a paradigm shift in research on information obligations and the formulation of the EU policies that govern them. We propose the alternative view that consumers read disclosures mainly in a post-contract conclusion scenario, as this is a more realistic assumption on their actual use case. On this basis we submit various policy proposals.
Transparency, online information obligations, consumer policy, empirical legal studies, qualitative research

Multimodality's popularity as a semiotic approach has not resulted in a common voice yet. Its conceptual anchoring as well as its empirical applications often remain localized and disparate, and ideas of a theory of multimodality are heterogeneous and uncoordinated. For the field to move ahead, it must achieve a more mature status of reflection, mutual support, and interaction with regard to both past and future directions. The red thread across the disciplines reflected in this book is a common goal of capturing the mechanisms of synergetic knowledge construction and transmission using diverse forms of expressions, i.e., multimodality. The collection of chapters brought together in the book reflects both a diversity of disciplines and common interests and challenges, thereby establishing an excellent roadmap for the future. The contributions revisit and redefine theoretical concepts or empirical analyses, which are crucial to the study of multimodality from various perspectives, with a view towards evolving issues of multimodal analysis. With this, the book aims at repositioning the field as a well-grounded scientific discipline with significant implications for future communication research in many fields of study.