Suchergebnisse

This study examines the process of divorce; especially the pre-divorce stage, using data from a family court in the city of Visakhapatnam, India. It examines the process of divorce along with the correlates and other determinants. Basing on the information provided by court records, only women divorcees were interviewed. Some of the findings like shorter marriages resulted in divorce and majority of the divorcees were young, comply with the universally acknowledged research findings. However, absence of association between wife's education and divorce are some of the crucial findings that do not corroborate the established theory. This cross-cultural study calls for evolving a socially approved ritual to mark the transition from marriage to divorce; in order to facilitate the separation in a cordial atmosphere. In view of the linguistic and socio-cultural diversity of the Indian society the study conducted in this part of the country (state of Andhra Pradesh) which is first of its kind, assumes significance. It is also expected to contribute substantially to the discussion on gender related issues.

Zirconia- and hafnia-based thin films have attracted tremendous attention in the past decade because of their unexpected ferroelectric behavior at the nanoscale, which enables the downscaling of ferroelectric devices. The present work reports an unprecedented ferroelectric rhombohedral phase of ZrO2 that can be achieved in thin films grown directly on (111)-Nb:SrTiO3 substrates by ion-beam sputtering. Structural and ferroelectric characterizations reveal (111)-oriented ZrO2 films under epitaxial compressive strain exhibiting switchable ferroelectric polarization of about 20.2 μC/cm2 with a coercive field of 1.5 MV/cm. Moreover, the time-dependent polarization reversal characteristics of Nb:SrTiO3/ZrO2/Au film capacitors exhibit typical bell-shaped curve features associated with the ferroelectric domain reversal and agree well with the nucleation limited switching (NLS) model. The polarization-electric field hysteresis loops point to an activation field comparable to the coercive field. Interestingly, the studied films show ferroelectric behavior per se, without the need to apply the wake-up cycle found in the orthorhombic phase of ZrO2. Overall, the rhombohedral ferroelectric ZrO2 films present technological advantages over the previously studied zirconia- and hafnia-based thin films and may be attractive for nanoscale ferroelectric devices. © 2021 American Chemical Society. ; This work was supported by (i) the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) in the framework of the Strategic Funding Contract UIDB/04650/2020 (ii) DST-SERB, Government of India, through Grant ECR/2017/00006, (iii) Project NECL - NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-022096 and Project UID/NAN/50024/2019. This work was also developed within the scope of the project CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, refs UIDB/50011/2020 and UIDP/50011/2020, financed by national funds through the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology/MCTES. R.F.N., M.C.I,. and C.G. acknowledge the financial support from the Romanian Ministry of Education and ...