Suchergebnisse

This paper focuses on the relations between development and gender disparities in labor market outcomes in the era of globalization. Within a cross-national comparative framework, the article examines the relations between development and globalization and three aspects of gender-linked disparities (women's labor force participation, gender occupational differentiation, and gender pay gap) at two time points: 1990 and 2015. The data reveal patterns in the relationship between development, globalization, and each dimension of gender inequality. First, development but not globalization tends to increase women's labor force participation. Second, development is likely to reduce gender occupational segregation. But the effect is indirect; it is transmitted via the increased number of economically active women. Third, less gender occupational segregation does not necessarily mean greater occupational equality; high female labor force participation is likely to reduce women's likelihood of employment in high-status professional and managerial occupations. Fourth, gender occupational inequality appears to be one of the sources of a country's gender pay gap; the pay disparity between men and women tends to be greater in countries where gender occupational inequality is high. A model that summarizes the complex relations among development, globalization, and the various dimensions of gender-linked economic activity and inequality is proposed and discussed.

It is argued that Roger Clark's rejection of the discrimination hypothesis (see SA 39:4/91X8921) -- which maintains that an increase in female (F) labor force participation results in greater gender-linked occupational differentiation -- is unwarranted due to basic methodological & conceptual flaws in his analysis. Clark is taken to task for using % F in the labor force to predict the ratio of men to Fs in high-status occupations, & for misinterpreting the effect of F share in the labor force on gender-linked occupational differentiation. In Measure for Measure: Women's Relative Access to Prestigious Occupations Revisited, Clark (Rhode Island Coll, Providence) defends his methodology, challenges Semyonov's claim that lagged regression models are inadequate, & dispels further the discrimination hypothesis. 9 References.

This paper tests the thesis that professional career in sport serves as a route for mobility. A study of retired soccer players in Israel suggests that, on the average, players benefited occupationally from their careers in sport. Sport career variables however, do not influence occupational mobility of the retired athletes. The only variables that affect athletes' occupational mobility are education and ethnicity. Occupational gain-mobility tends to increase with ethnic status but to decrease with education. The findings are discussed in light of the concept of alternative channels of mobility. Caution should be exercised regarding the thesis "sport as an open route for mobility".

Trade offs between occupational status and income that Arabs from the West Bank and Gaza Strip make on joining the Israeli economy.

Women's participation in sports is a recent phenomenon characterizing changes in F roles in society. Investigated here is whether indicators of F participation in the Olympic Games parallel models & theories of F participation in the LF. Findings indicate a close relationship between the two types of participation; it is argued that the same social conditions that foster social change in one domain also foster change in others. Modified HA.

Segregated ethnic neighborhoods are prevalent in most contemporary European cities. Whereas patterns of segregation have been studied extensively in America, research on immigrants' segregation and residential location in Europe is relatively new. The present research utilizes data from the European Social Survey to examine patterns of locational attainment among immigrants across 13 European countries and the extent to which they are influenced by immigrants' tenure in the host country, socio–economic characteristics, preferences for residential location, exposure to discrimination, and ethnic and cultural origin. The analysis reveals that residential attainment varies considerably across ethnic and cultural groups: immigrants from Asia or Africa as well as Muslims are less likely to reside in neighborhoods which are perceived to be inhabited mostly by Europeans. Although the effects of generation, ethnic origin, and Muslim religion on residential location are quite uniform across countries, some meaningful cross–national differences in patterns and levels of immigrants' residential segregation are observed and discussed. Net of other effects, differential residential preferences and perception of discrimination are found to influence perceived ethnic composition of immigrants' neighborhoods.