Suchergebnisse

Law elucidation is the interpretation of norms contained in the body of the law. Since the Constitutional Court reviewed the elucidation, several legal issues have arisen regarding law elucidation in the Indonesian Legislation System. The first is the formal (binding force) and material (material content) legal status of the law elucidation. The second is the extent to which the Constitutional Court can review the law elucidation. This study employed normative juridical and evaluative methods; and generates several conclusions. First, the law elucidation has binding legal force. Second, there are two forms of the elucidation content: (1) interpretation in the form of norm; and (2) interpretation that is not in the form of norm. Third, the elucidation can be reviewed if it contradicts the body of the law, other the laws that regulate the same substance, or contrary to the 1945 Constitution. Fourth, the elucidation needs to be separated from the law framework. Consequently, the elucidation does not contain essential content and does not cause constitutional problems if the content is problematic. Lastly, the elucidation needs to contain the aims and objectives of each article's existence. Therefore, the law enforcers can implement the law according to the legislators' wishes.Status Hukum Penjelasan Undang-Undang dalam Sistem Peraturan Perundang-Undangan Indonesia AbstrakPenjelasan undang-undang merupakan tafsir dari norma yang terdapat pada batang tubuh undang-undang. Akan tetapi, beberapa Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi memperlihatkan bahwa penjelasan bermuatan norma dan berkekuatan hukum mengikat. Hal tersebut menunjukan status hukum penjelasan undang-undang dalam sistem peraturan perundang-undangan Indonesia, baik dari segi formil (kekuatan mengikat) maupun materiil (materi muatan), tidaklah jelas. Persoalan status hukum tersebut berkaitan pula dengan sejauhmana Mahkamah Konstitusi dapat menguji penjelasan. Oleh sebab itu, persoalan status hukum penjelasan undang-undang dan sejauhmana Mahkamah Konstitusi dapat menguji penjelasan undang-undang perlu diteliti. Dengan menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dan evaluatif, artikel ini menghasilkan beberapa kesimpulan. Pertama, penjelasan undang-undang memiliki kekuatan hukum mengikat. Kedua, terdapat dua bentuk materi muatan dari penjelasan, yakni tafsir yang berbentuk norma dan tafsir yang tidak berbentuk norma. Ketiga, penjelasan dapat diuji, dibatalkan, atau dinyatakan konstitusional/inkonstitusional bersyarat apabila bertentangan dengan batang tubuh undang-undang yang sama, undang-undang lain yang mengatur substansi yang sama, atau bertentangan dengan konstitusi. Keempat, penjelasan perlu dipisahkan dari kerangka undang-undang agar tidak menimbulkan masalah konstitusional serta tidak perlu dibatalkan Mahkamah Konstitusi apabila isinya bermasalah dan agar penjelasan tidak memuat isi yang sifatnya esensial. Terakhir, penjelasan perlu memuat maksud dan tujuan dari keberadaan masing-masing pasal agar penegak hukum dapat melaksanakan penerapan hukum sesuai kehendak pembentuk undang-undang.Kata Kunci: penjelasan undang-undang, sistem peraturan perundang-undangan, status hukum.DOI: https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v8n1.a5

The Third Amendment to the 1945 Constitution stipulates that one of the requirements to become a presidential candidate is an Indonesian natural-born citizen who has never received another citizenship of his/her own volition. The requirement can create confusion and dissenting opinions to determine persons considered natural-born citizens and methods to prove it. This study explores the significances of determining a natural-born citizen as a requirement to become a presidential candidate and its implications. Through a socio-legal approach, this study concludes that the natural-born citizen requirement's significance is to eliminate racial discrimination from the previous requirement of a "native Indonesian" president and to ensure convincing allegiance from the president. There are some implications of the requirement. First, every Indonesian citizen born after the establishment of the Citizenship Law 2006, regardless of ethnic status, is called a natural-born citizen, including those from mixed marriages and having limited dual citizenship up to the age of 18 years. Meanwhile, for Indonesian citizens born before the Citizenship Law 2006, the natural-born citizen status is determined based on Law 3 of 1946 and Law 62 of 1958, including Indonesia's agreement with the Netherlands and China. Second, a natural-born citizen status mutatis mutandis should require of other constitutional positions, either executive, legislative, or judiciary, and to a presidential candidate's husband or wife.Natural Born Citizen sebagai Syarat Presiden Indonesia: Arti Penting dan ImplikasiAbstrakAmandemen Ketiga UUD 1945 menetapkan salah satu syarat calon presiden adalah kewarganegaraan sejak kelahiran (natural-born citizen) dan tidak pernah menerima kewarganegaraan lain karena kehendaknya sendiri. Syarat tersebut dapat menimbulkan kebingungan tentang siapa saja yang dapat dianggap sebagai warga negara sejak kelahiran dan bagaimana pembuktiannya. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menelusuri arti penting penetapan natural-born citizen sebagai syarat presiden dan implikasinya. Melalui pendekatan sosio-legal, artikel ini menyimpulkan arti penting syarat natural-born citizen adalah untuk menghilangkan diskriminasi rasial dari syarat presiden "orang Indonesia asli" dan untuk menjamin kesetiaan yang kuat dari presiden. Adapun implikasinya, pertama, setiap WNI yang lahir setelah berlakunya UU Kewarganegaraan tahun 2006, jika sejak kelahirannya telah berstatus WNI, tanpa melihat status etnis, disebut sebagai natural born citizen, termasuk di dalamnya berasal dari perkawinan campuran dan memiliki kewarganegaraan ganda terbatas sampai dengan usia 18 tahun. Sementara WNI yang lahir sebelum UU Kewarganegaraan tahun 2006, penentuan status WNI sejak kelahiran berdasarkan pengaturan UU 3 Tahun 1946 dan UU 62 Tahun 1958 termasuk perjanjian-perjanjian yang diadakan Indonesia dengan Belanda dan Tiongkok. Kedua, natural born citizen secara mutatis mutandis seharusnya diberlakukan bagi syarat jabatan ketatanegaraan lainnya baik eksekutif, legislatif, maupun yudikatif, serta terhadap suami atau istri calon Presiden karena alasan kesetiaan.Kata Kunci: kesetiaan, kewarganegaraan sejak kelahiran, syarat presiden.DOI: https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v7n3.a1

The Third Amendment to the 1945 Constitution has regulated new requirements for presidential candidates. One of which is the requirement to be mentally and physically capable of carrying out the duties and obligations of the presidential office. This research aims to find the reason for formulating norms or legal ratio of the formation of such a requirement. The nature of this research is qualitative research using a normative-empirical and comparative approach. The results reveal several legal ratios of the requirement. First, the requirement is considered important because the president has the highest position within the governmental structures. Second reason refers to the close relation between health and decision-making matters, and the third demonstrates reasonable and justifiable limitations from the perspective of human rights. Comparison with several countries exposes that the requirement is fundamental since the president has dual functions, namely a head of state and a chief of government. This research also exhibits that the legal basis of the requirement is not in accordance with the 1945 Constitution since the existing regulation takes the form of the Decree of the General Election Commission. Therefore, this research recommends the appropriate legal basis to further regulate mental and physical requirements by law which regulates some fundamental principles dealing with such requirements.