Suchergebnisse

Tulisan ini merupakan kajian atas pemikiran Karl Polanyi dalam TheGreat Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time berhadapandengan pemikiran Jürgen Habermas dalam The Structural Transformation of the PublicSphere: An Inquiry Into Category of Bourgeois Society. Polanyi menganalisis sejarahmuncul dan runtuhnya masyarakat pasar di abad ke sembilan belas, sementaraHabermasmenganalisis sejarah masyarakat borjuis Eropa di abad ketujuh belas dandelapanbelas yang merupakan model dari masyarakat kapitalis modern. Keduanyasampai pada kesimpulan yang sama bahwa warga negara yang terdeliberasi memungkinkanterbentuknya opini publik yang rasional yang secara kritis dapat mengawalsistem politik demi mencapai integrasi sosial. This article examines the main theory of Karl Polanyi's The Great Transformation:The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time vis-à-vis Jürgen Habermas'thought in The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry Into Categoryof Bourgeois Society. Polanyi analyzes the history of the rise and fall of nineteenthcentury market society whereas Habermas analyzes the history of the late seventeenthandeighteenth century of European Bourgeois public sphere as the model of re-coupling theeconomy and society in modern capitalist states. Both Polanyi and Habermas come to aconclusion that informal citizen deliberation enabling the formation of rational publicopinion that guides critically political system for the sake of social integration.

Demokrasi adalah sistem kekuasaan yang didasarkan pada persetujuanrakyat melalui pemilihan umum. Di dalam sistem demokrasi rakyatlah yang berkuasa:pemerintahan dari rakyat, oleh rakyat, dan untuk rakyat. Sistem ini dinilai lebihmanusiawi daripada berbagai sistem pemerintahan lain seperti tirani, monarki, danoligarki Indonesia juga menganut sistem demokrasi, tercermin amat jelas dalamUUD 1945 sebagai hukum dasar (konstitusi) yang dijiwai oleh Pancasila sebagaidasar hukum. Pemimpin pemerintahan dan para wakil rakyat serta perwakilan daerahdipilih melalui pemilihan umum. Tulisan ini menjelaskan bahwa dewasa ini ancamanterhadap demokrasi adalah politik uang. Dengan uang suara rakyat dapat dibelisehingga besaran perolehan suara tidak berbanding lurus dengan besaran persetujuanrakyat. Pencideraan demokrasi melalui jual beli suara menjadikan sistem demokrasipolitik dagang sapi.

Today human rights are often described in terms of the rule of law, constitutionalism, civil liberties, constitutional rights, and fundamental rights. This paper aims to understand the responsibility of a government to intervene into markets to answer the calls for justice and sustainability. The requiresa theory of economic welfare connected to the faith in fundamental human rights. One such social theory of economic welfare is provided by Karl Polanyi who calls for government intervention into the market to compliment the market's self-interest – something he calls a "double movement." Amartya Sen also criticized one-sidedness understanding of economics contending that it violates the two roots of economics in both, engineering and ethics. This paper will show that government intervention into markets is not just acceptable according to a formalist economic theory, but also necessary as a preservation of fundamental human rights, and to protect justice and sustainability in economic and social advancement.

This paper attempts to clarify the nature of law, specifically the distinction between individuals who implement laws within an existing social system and those who struggle to change the system. In particular, it challenges the possibility of emancipation through social transformation. This paper will suggest that the Indonesian concept of Pancasila – promoted by its former president Soekarno – fulfills this function of morality grounding the validity of laws. It represents the ethical life of the people uniting them into a nation. But it can be extended to international relations as well and serve as validating principles in implementing international laws in economic, social, and political co-operation. This paper will explore Pancasila in connection to the approaches of Habermas and Honneth. It will alsocontrast this approach with that of Huntington.

Discourse ethics and the liberal political culture reciprocally presuppose each other as laws need to be legitimized through discourse in a democracy. Habermas' discourse ethics attempts to provide a practical solution to the problems of the legitimation of normative claims in pluralistc societies. It does this by understanding deliberative democracy as being situated within the life-world of its participants. through which the consensus of validity claims can be carried out. This understanding of the role of discourse ethics will be applied to the situation in Indonesia and the Philippines.

Immanuel Kant has been considered as one of the prominent philosophers that in a way put an end to metaphysics. Kant's critique of metaphysics is directed towards the totalizing unity of mythological narratives, religious doctrines, and philosophical explanations. The basic concepts of narratives, religions, and philosophy had riled upon a syndrome of validity that dissolved with the emergence of expert cultures in science, morality, and law and with the autonomy of art. Today, philosophy could establish its own distinct criteria of validity under conditions of rationality in relation to science that is fallible. Habermas puts forward that philosophy after Kant can no longer be a metaphysics in the sense of "conclusive" and "totalizing" thinking. In his communication theory, Habermas develops a theory of philosophy that is not reducible to a simple totality but has social complexity as its ground that is a number of plural language games, different orders of power, different structures of politics constituting modern time. Habermas is thus concerned with developing a theory of philosophy in general as a discourse of social differentiation. Keywords:*paradigm shift *metaphysics *post-metaphysics *identity/totalizing thinking *situating reason *proceduralrationality *discourse ethics

This research is focused on interactions on social media TikTok, where researchers raise issues regarding individual freedom and the presence of other people in conveying messages on social media TikTok. Based on some circumstances, the researcher sees a transition in the meaning of individual freedom and the presence of other people in the context of interaction on social media TikTok. The rationale for this study is that researchers use the perspective of freedom and the presence of other people, according to Jean-Paul Sartre, which is then studied through the theory of symbolic interactionism (George Herbert Mead) and self-presentation theory (Erving Goffmann). The paradigm used in this study is the postmodern paradigm, in which researchers attempt to deconstruct the meaning of individual freedom and the presence of other people in conveying messages on social media TikTok. The key informants in the study were two content creators of the TikTok social media who were selected purposively. The results of the study show that the skills of TikTok social media creators are needed in negotiating individual freedom agreed upon by netizens and managing the presence of other people (netizens) to interact on TikTok social media in order to achieve goals, one of which is building social capital, monetization, and social transformation.

This study investigates how doctors employ persuasion strategies (Ethos, logos, and pathos) on Instagram to influence the health behaviors of their followers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Analyzing three influential doctors on social media (DSMIs), the research applies Aristotle's persuasive strategies to understand how these doctors craft messages that drive behavior change and enhance COVID-19 awareness among their 581 followers. Employing a mixed methods approach within the pragmatism paradigm, the study utilizes interviews, literature reviews, content analysis, and surveys for comprehensive data collection. The study reveals that approximately 41% of followers demonstrated a firm intention, with an additional 43% showing a solid intention to change their attitudes and behaviors. About 84% expressed a strong commitment to adopting a healthier lifestyle. The research also identified followers who initially had doubts or confusion about COVID-19 due to misinformation. However, it became convinced of its existence after following the DSMIs' posts, mainly through engaging video content. Engagement is more significant for video content than photos, with pathos, Ethos, and logos effectively fostering engagement. Around 52,438 (314,000) DSMI followers shifted from initial skepticism to meaningful positive attitude transformations, driven by successful engagement through pathos, Ethos, and logos. The study underscores the significance of delivering persuasive and appealing messages to influence behaviors positively. It suggests active social media participation can extend beyond the pandemic, fostering ongoing health awareness.

Communication that does not run smoothly will cause miscommunication. In family communication that is carried out between parents and children, if miscommunication is not immediately resolved, there will be communication congestion. One way to solve this problem is through coaching. In this case, parents become a coach for their children, which is called a "parent coach," by using the SCORE model. This study aims to improve communication skills for parents and strengthen children's cognitive, affective, and communicative abilities. This study uses a qualitative research method with a case study approach. The results show that through communication based on family coaching and utilizing the score model, parents have good questioning skills so as to produce optimal performance as parents and provide opportunities for children to provide feedback to parents. and parents are trained to be good listeners. With a series of actions taken by parents through coaching sessions, parents can find out the values of life that are considered "valuable" for children.