Suchergebnisse

Over the recent decade many developed countries took a new energy policy course, substituting fossil fuels with renewable energy sources (RES). The main driver behind it is the aspiration to achieve carbon neutrality by mid-century to prevent climate change. This trend was called "the fourth energy transition". However, the European energy crisis that took place in September 2021 shows that such policies lead to a deadlock due to the lack of technological readiness to provide stable functioning of the energy system based only on renewable energy. Moreover, the politics of abandoning of fossil fuels results in a suboptimal outcome — use of energy resources with a higher carbon footprint (coal), which appear to be more price affordable during the crisis than natural gas. Recently, an increasing number of studies have appeared emphasizing the need for the Eurasian Economic Union countries to transition to a "green" economy. Analyzing the EU energy crisis, this paper attempts to propose an alternative way of sustainable development for the EAEU, which allows to ensure its energy security and is based on the use of carbon-neutral versions of traditional energy sources.Aim. The aim of this research is to analyze the economic consequences of the overreliance on RES for the European energy market.Tasks. The study has the following objectives.To analyze the causes and course of the energy crisis of 2021 on the example of the EU countries and the UK.To identify the consequences of the energy crisis for the EU countries and the UK.To propose a solution to avoid the energy crisis in the EAEU countries.Methods. Using a case study method and market data (TTF, Rotterdam coal and France power month ahead futures' prices), the researchers demonstrate that rejection of hydrocarbons can lead to irreversible negative consequences for the energy system, especially with the absence of enough storage options.Results. The data presented casts doubt on Europe's readiness to achieve both zero-emission targets by 2050 and intermediate targets such as a 55% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from 1990 levels by 2030. There are many questions about the prospects of the fourth energy transition - in its current form, its principles threaten existing energy systems without offering a reliable alternative.Conclusions. The article concludes with a suggestion for policymakers to achieve climate goals with economically viable carbon-neutral versions of conventional hydrocarbon products (such as liquefied natural gas and oil).

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ABSTRACT The article analyzed the laws of the United States and the Russian Federation in order to determine the key points of protecting the interests of minor children in the divorce of their parents. The purpose is a comparative examination of theoretical and practical problems of the implementation of child support obligations of parents in Russia and the United States. The authors used a combination of philosophical, general and private, scientific methods of cognition of theoretical and empirical material, considering historical, political, and national characteristics. The study has allowed identifying some significant problems.RESUMEN El artículo analizó las leyes de los Estados Unidos y la Federación de Rusia con el fin de determinar los puntos clave para proteger los intereses de los menores en el divorcio de sus padres. El propósito es un examen comparativo de los problemas teóricos y prácticos de la implementación de las obligaciones de manutención infantil de los padres en Rusia y los Estados Unidos. Los autores utilizaron una combinación de métodos filosóficos, científicos generales y científicos privados de cognición de material teórico y empírico, considerando características históricas, políticas y nacionales. El estudio ha permitido identificar algunos problemas importantes.

This article is devoted to the study of linguoecological problems of modern educational media. The study material is presented by articles from Russian, British and American media of the beginning of the 21st century, selected by a continuous sample of lexical and phraseological units from the entire variety of educational media texts. The purpose of the work is realized using a set of methods: descriptive method, interpretive analysis, lexical-semantic analysis, lexical-grammatical analysis, stylistic analysis, content analysis, elements of discursive analysis. The relevance of the studied problem is determined by the increasing interest in the anthropological approach in media communication, the importance of studying the roles of the teacher and student in the media educational space, the need to establish linguoecological norms, solve linguoecological problems in the educational media resource of Russia, the USA, and Great Britain. As a result of the analysis of educational media, the existence of five main problems was revealed: 1) destruction, fixing negative language means and negative emotions, 2) deecologization, reflecting a violation of the nature of communication, 3) deformation within the framework of communicative and personal/interpersonal processes, 4) degradation of the communicative personality and communication itself, 5) dehumanization in the social interaction of communicants. As the analysis of the actual material showed, the desire for creative communication in the educational media resource demonstrates the creative self-realization of communicants and generates negative communication, destructive discursive and social processes. It has been established that it is necessary to strengthen actions to ensure the linguistic security of the educational media space to achieve the quality, ethical conditioning, environmental friendliness of media in the field of educational activities in Russian, American and British linguocultures.

This paper presents research on how knowledge brokers attempt to translate opaque algorithmic predictions. The research is based on a 31-month ethnographic study of the implementation of a learning algorithm by the Dutch police to predict the occurrence of crime incidents and offers one of the first empirical accounts of algorithmic brokers. We studied a group of intelligence officers, who were tasked with brokering between a machine learning community and a user community by translating the outcomes of the learning algorithm to police management. We found that, as knowledge brokers, they performed different translation practices over time and enacted increasingly influential brokerage roles, namely, those of messenger, interpreter, and curator. Triggered by an impassable knowledge boundary yielded by the black-boxed machine learning, the brokers eventually acted like "kings in the land of the blind" and substituted the algorithmic predictions with their own judgments. By emphasizing the dynamic and influential nature of algorithmic brokerage work, we contribute to the literature on knowledge brokerage and translation in the age of learning algorithms.

Because new technologies allow new performances, mediations, representations, and information flows, they are often associated with changes in how coordination is achieved. Current coordination research emphasizes its situated and emergent nature, but seldom accounts for the role of embodied action. Building on a 25-month field study of the da Vinci robot, an endoscopic system for minimally invasive surgery, we bring to the fore the role of the body in how coordination was reconfigured in response to a change in technological mediation. Using the robot, surgeons experienced both an augmentation and a reduction of what they can do with their bodies in terms of haptic, visual, and auditory perception and manipulative dexterity. These bodily augmentations and reductions affected joint task performance and led to coordinative adaptations (e.g., spatial relocating, redistributing tasks, accommodating novel perceptual dependencies, and mounting novel responses) that, over time, resulted in reconfiguration of roles, including expanded occupational knowledge, emergence of new specializations, and shifts in status and boundaries. By emphasizing the importance of the body in coordination, this paper suggests that an embodiment perspective is important for explaining how and why coordination evolves following the introduction of a new technology.

The purpose of the article is summarizing the experience and determination of the main vectors of educational work organization and implementation in a technical university as a multi-level educational complex (MEC). Methods. Theoretical methods such as the analysis of scientific literature, the synthesis of the main concepts and approaches to the problem under consideration, the generalization of experience are used. The results and scientific novelty. A long-term positive experience of educational system constructing in Penza State Technological University as a multi-level educational complex is presented. On its basis the main vectors of the educational work organization and implementation in a modern multi-level educational organization of a technical profile are determined: the formation of social competence of students, pedagogical support of their adaptation and professional selfdetermination, the student government development. The complex of the programs developed by the authors to educate young students in a technical university as a multi-level educational complex is characterized. Their realization involves a phased implementation of the initial diagnosis, constructive, transformative, evaluative and productive activities. The necessity of the organization and implementation of additional psychological and pedagogical training of teachers who do not have the basic pedagogical education as a condition for the effective implementation of the programs developed and put into educational practice in a multi-level educational organization of a technical profile is determined. Practical significance. The presented materials can be used in the educational practice of multi-level educational complexes of a technical profile as well as in other educational institutions of vocational education ; Цель публикации – обобщение опыта и определение основных направлений организации и осуществления воспитательной работы в техническом вузе как многоуровневом образовательном комплексе (МОК). Методы. Авторами использовались такие теоретические методы, как анализ научной литературы, синтез основных положений и подходов по изучаемой проблеме, обобщение эмпирических данных. Результаты и научная новизна. Представлен многолетний положительный опыт построения системы воспитания в Пензенском государственном технологическом университете. На его основе определены основные векторы воспитательной работы в современном многоуровневом образовательном учреждении технического профиля: формирование социальных компетентностей обучающихся, педагогическое сопровождение их адаптации в вузе и профессионального самоопределения, развитие студенческого самоуправления. Охарактеризован комплект авторских программ по воспитанию учащейся молодежи, реализация которых предполагает поэтапное осуществление первичной диагностики, созидательно-преобразующей и оценочно-результативной деятельности. Сделан вывод о необходимости обязательной дополнительной психолого-педагогической подготовки преподавателей технического вуза, не имеющих базового педагогического образования, для эффективной воспитательной работы с разновозрастными учащимися, осваивающими разные специальности по программам различных образовательных уровней. Практическая значимость. Представленные материалы могут быть использованы в практике воспитания не только в образовательных центрах технической специализации, так и в иных учебных учреждениях профессионального образования

This article is about the problem of students' competitiveness and its formation. It turned out that there is a positive effect on the students' participation in extracurricular activities, including their work in student government on the development of their competitiveness ; Рассматривается проблема формирования конкурентоспособности студентов как будущих специалистов в сфере профессионального обучения. Выявляется положительное влияние на развитие конкурентоспособности студентов их включенности во внеучебную деятельность, в том числе в работу органов студенческого самоуправления