Do you see a capacity for transforming the city, its spaces or the use we make of them in artistic practice? Which public spaces do you use most day to day? Is there hope for the Santa Esperança public laundry? Do you think that Somanyprojects' action has served to reactivate this space and awaken it in the town's collective imaginary? Do you know of any other public space particular to women? What does the perspective of an artist offer us that an architect's doesn't consider when intervening in a space? What does a collaborative art practice consist of? Can an intervention of this type lead to some type of agencement on the part of the community? Would it be viable to consider more alternative uses of water such as public baths? How do you assess artistic practice as a work methodology for participatory urbanism projects? Would you be in favour of other activities being undertaken in public laundries besides washing clothing and the promotion of tourism? Are we very far off on the part of politicians from designing the cities where we want to live based on the needs of the citizens themselves? Do you have any questions for us? Do you have any questions for yourself? ; Performing Public Space
Fin da quando è balzato agli onori della cronaca ed ha suscitato l'interesse degli studiosi , il fenomeno della post-verità ha ricevuto due principali interpretazioni. Alcuni hanno osservato che in esso non c'è nulla di realmente nuovo; altri, al contrario, hanno sottolineato la stretta relazione tra postmodernismo e post-verità. Come è stato di recente sostenuto da Lee McIntyre (2018: 11): «If one looks at the Oxford definition, and how all of this has played out in recent public debate, one gets the sense that post-truth is not so much a claim that truth does not exist as that facts are subordinate to our political point of view» (2018: 11, corsivo originale). Partendo da questa specifica ipotesi - la rilevanza della nozione di post-verità per la sfera pubblica e la sua specifica connotazione politica - cercheremo in primo luogo di ricostruire il più ampio contesto in cui il fenomeno della post-verità si inserisce poiché esso ci aiuterà a definire meglio la sua natura. In seguito, cercheremo di mostrare che, a differenza di quanto si potrebbe ritenere, questo contesto richiede più (e non meno) retorica.
The End-users' perspective is often a neglected aspect of the European Union (EU) copyright regulatory framework and within copyright scholarship. In light of the objectives pursued by reCreating Europe, and its overarching aim to promote a modern, creative, culturally diverse, accessible Europe, Work Package (WP) 2 aims to discuss the role of End-users' rights, interests, expectations, and behaviors vis-à-vis copyright rules. Within WP2, the aim of Task 2.2 is to assess the extent to which vulnerable groups experience barriers in accessing digital cultural content. It also aims to investigate whether, and to what extent, the EU regulatory framework might exacerbate or counteract those barriers. In that regard, we linked ex ante the idea of vulnerability to structural inequalities by identifying specific groups of End-users. However, our analysis aims to further unveil the role of those inequalities and of specific barriers linked to them in accessing digital culture. This interim report provides a detailed overview of the objectives of Task 2.2, of specific research questions posed as part of this Task, as well as a comprehensive discussion of the methodology used for this research. In this regard, the report also discusses in detail the process of data collection and lays out some 'incidental' findings emerging from that process. In addition, it discusses some general preliminary findings of the research conducted to date. In particular, it highlights three main issues, which will be further analyzed in the final report. First, the degree of knowledge of copyright law and the understanding of its relevance in relation to the consumption of digital cultural content seems limited amongst vulnerable groups. Second, in all countries considered, underlying barriers, such as the 'digital divide' and structural inequalities faced by vulnerable groups, represent a substantial challenge and prevent the consumption of digital content. In this respect, this interim report confirms the results of other past and ...
Trace elements produce double-edged effects on the lives of animals and particularly of humans. On one hand, these elements represent potentially toxic agents; on the other hand, they are essentially needed to support growth and development and confer protection against disease. Certain trace elements and metals are particularly involved in humoral and cellular immune responses, playing the roles of cofactors for essential enzymes and antioxidant molecules. The amount taken up and the accumulation in human tissues decisively control whether the exerted effects are toxic or beneficial. For these reasons, there is an urgent need to re-consider, harmonize and update current legislative regulations regarding the concentrations of trace elements in food and in drinking water. This review aims to provide information on the interrelation of certain trace elements with risk of autoimmune disease, with a particular focus on type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis. In addition, an overview of the current regulations and regulatory gaps is provided in order to highlight the importance of this issue for everyday nutrition and human health.
DOE Early Career Awards ; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) ; ICTP-Simons Associate Scheme ; FP7 FET-ICT Planar Atomic and Molecular Scale devices (PAMS) project (European Commission) ; Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigacion ; Dep. de Educacion of the Basque Government ; UPV/EHU ; US Department of Energy ; DOE Early Career Awards: DE-SC0003871 ; DOE Early Career Awards: DE-FG02-09ER16052 ; Processo FAPESP: 2011/11973-4 ; FP7 FET-ICT Planar Atomic and Molecular Scale devices (PAMS) project (European Commission): 610446 ; Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigacion: MAT2016-78293-C6-4-R ; UPV/EHU: IT-756-13 ; US Department of Energy: DE-AC02-98CH10886 ; Understanding the local structure of water at the interfaces of metallic electrodes is a key issue in aqueousbased electrochemistry. Nevertheless a realistic simulation of such a setup is challenging, particularly when the electrodes are maintained at different potentials. To correctly compute the effect of an external bias potential applied to truly semi-infinite surfaces, we combine Density Functional Theory (DFT) and NonEquilibrium Green's Function (NEGF) methods. This framework allows for the out-of-equilibrium calculation of forces and dynamics, and directly correlates to the chemical potential of the electrodes, which is introduced experimentally. In this work, we apply this methodology to study the electronic properties and atomic forces of a water molecule at the interface of a gold surface. We find that the water molecule tends to align its dipole moment with the electric field, and it is either repelled or attracted to the metal depending on the sign and magnitude of the applied bias, in an asymmetric fashion.
Understanding the local structure of water at the interfaces of metallic electrodes is a key issue in aqueous-based electrochemistry. Nevertheless a realistic simulation of such a setup is challenging, particularly when the electrodes are maintained at different potentials. To correctly compute the effect of an external bias potential applied to truly semi-infinite surfaces, we combine Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Non-Equilibrium Green's Function (NEGF) methods. This framework allows for the out-of-equilibrium calculation of forces and dynamics, and directly correlates to the chemical potential of the electrodes, which is introduced experimentally. In this work, we apply this methodology to study the electronic properties and atomic forces of a water molecule at the interface of a gold surface. We find that the water molecule tends to align its dipole moment with the electric field, and it is either repelled or attracted to the metal depending on the sign and magnitude of the applied bias, in an asymmetric fashion. ; The work was funded by DOE Early Career Awards No. DE-SC0003871 and DE-FG02-09ER16052. L. S. P. and A. R. R. also acknowledge financial support from ICTP-SAIFR (FAPESP project No. 2011/11973-4) and the ICTP-Simons Associate Scheme. P. B. acknowledges financial support from the FP7 FET-ICT "Planar Atomic and Molecular Scale devices" (PAMS) project (funded by the European Commission under contract No. 610446), the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación (Grant No. MAT2016-78293-C6-4-R) and the Dep. de Educación of the Basque Government and UPV/EHU (Grant No. IT-756-13). This research used computational resources at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 and the S. Dumont supercomputer at the National Laboratory for Scientific Computing (LNCC/MCTI, Brazil). ; Peer Reviewed
Purpose of the studyGood penetration of antiretroviral drugs to the seminal plasma may be associated with a decrease in viral replication and play an important role in the prevention of sexual transmission of HIV. We present data from a series of HIV‐infected ARV‐experienced patients receiving etravirine‐containing regimens, in whom etravirine concentrations and viral loads were determined in blood plasma and seminal plasma. The objective was to determine etravirine concentrations and HIV‐1 viral load (VL) in blood plasma (BP) and seminal plasma (SP) of HIV‐infected patients.MethodsTen HIV‐1 adult antiretroviral‐experienced patients receiving an etravirine‐containing regimen for at least 1 month were enrolled. Semen and blood samples were both collected around 12–24 h after the last etravirine dose, depending on once‐daily or twice‐daily dosing, respectively. HPLC/MS/MS was used to determine etravirine concentrations, and HIV‐1 VL was determined by real‐time PCR (limit of detection, VL 40 copies/mL).ResultsTen blood and twenty semen samples were collected. Median (range) CD4 count was 502 cells/mm3 (252–817) and median (range) BP VL was<40 copies/mL (40–362). Median (range) time on etravirine was 52 weeks (12–124). Median (range) BP etravirine concentration was 452.5 ng/mL (258–751). Median (range) SP etravirine concentration was 62.9 ng/mL (31.2–166), and values were above the protein‐free IC50 range (0.39–2.4 ng/mL) in all cases. Median (range) etravirine SP:BP ratio was 0.16 (0.07–0.26). SP VL was<40 copies/mL in all patients, whereas BP VL was detectable in one patient with poor adherence to treatment.
Patient SP (ng/ml) BP (ng/ml) SP VL (copies/ml) BP VL (copies/ml) SP:BP Concomitant ARV
1 31.2 375 <40 <40 0.08 DRVr/TDF
2* 57.1 307 <40 <40 0.18 3TC/ABC
3* 36.9 506 <40 <40 0.07 TDF/FTC
4* 60.6 399 <40 <40 0.15 3TC/ABC
5 68.1 258 <40 <40 0.26 LPVr/TDF
6* 104 414 <40 <40 0.25 3TC/ABC
7 107 491 <40 362 0.21 DRVr/TDF/FTC
8* 65.3 592 <40 <40 0.11 TDF/FTC
9 52.2 518 <40 <40 0.1 DRVr
10 166 751 <40 <40 0.22 TDF/FTC
Median 62.9 452.5 <40 <40 0.16
Patients taking ETR once a day.
ConclusionsTotal etravirine concentrations in male genital secretion are modest, reaching only 16% of the BP concentration, but nevertheless, more than 10 times above the wild type IC50 range.
The study of hot corinos in solar-like protostars has been so far mostly limited to the Class 0 phase, hampering our understanding of their origin and evolution. In addition, recent evidence suggests that planet formation starts already during Class I phase, which therefore represents a crucial step in the future planetary system chemical composition. Hence, the study of hot corinos in Class I protostars has become of paramount importance. Here, we report the discovery of a hot corino towards the prototypical Class I protostar L1551 IRS5, obtained within the ALMA (Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array) Large Program FAUST (Fifty AU STudy of the chemistry in the disc/envelope system of solar-like protostars).We detected several lines from methanol and its isotopologues (13CH3OH and CH2DOH), methyl formate, and ethanol. Lines are bright towards the north component of the IRS5 binary system, and a possible second hot corino may be associated with the south component. The methanol lines' non-LTE analysis constrains the gas temperature (100 K), density (1.5 × 108 cm3), and emitting size (10 au in radius). All CH3OH and 13CH3OH lines are optically thick, preventing a reliable measure of the deuteration. The methyl formate and ethanol relative abundances are compatible with those measured in Class 0 hot corinos. Thus, based on this work, little chemical evolution from Class 0 to I hot corinos occurs. ; With funding from the Spanish government through the "María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence" accreditation (MDM-2017-0737)
Background Surgery is the main modality of cure for solid cancers and was prioritised to continue during COVID-19 outbreaks. This study aimed to identify immediate areas for system strengthening by comparing the delivery of elective cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in periods of lockdown versus light restriction. Methods This international, prospective, cohort study enrolled 20 006 adult (≥18 years) patients from 466 hospitals in 61 countries with 15 cancer types, who had a decision for curative surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic and were followed up until the point of surgery or cessation of follow-up (Aug 31, 2020). Average national Oxford COVID-19 Stringency Index scores were calculated to define the government response to COVID-19 for each patient for the period they awaited surgery, and classified into light restrictions (index 60). The primary outcome was the non-operation rate (defined as the proportion of patients who did not undergo planned surgery). Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used to explore the associations between lockdowns and non-operation. Intervals from diagnosis to surgery were compared across COVID-19 government response index groups. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04384926. Findings Of eligible patients awaiting surgery, 2003 (10·0%) of 20 006 did not receive surgery after a median follow-up of 23 weeks (IQR 16–30), all of whom had a COVID-19-related reason given for non-operation. Light restrictions were associated with a 0·6% non-operation rate (26 of 4521), moderate lockdowns with a 5·5% rate (201 of 3646; adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0·81, 95% CI 0·77–0·84; p<0·0001), and full lockdowns with a 15·0% rate (1775 of 11 827; HR 0·51, 0·50–0·53; p<0·0001). In sensitivity analyses, including adjustment for SARS-CoV-2 case notification rates, moderate lockdowns (HR 0·84, 95% CI 0·80–0·88; p<0·001), and full lockdowns (0·57, 0·54–0·60; p<0·001), remained independently associated with non-operation. Surgery beyond 12 weeks from diagnosis in patients without neoadjuvant therapy increased during lockdowns (374 [9·1%] of 4521 in light restrictions, 317 [10·4%] of 3646 in moderate lockdowns, 2001 [23·8%] of 11 827 in full lockdowns), although there were no differences in resectability rates observed with longer delays. Interpretation Cancer surgery systems worldwide were fragile to lockdowns, with one in seven patients who were in regions with full lockdowns not undergoing planned surgery and experiencing longer preoperative delays. Although short-term oncological outcomes were not compromised in those selected for surgery, delays and non-operations might lead to long-term reductions in survival. During current and future periods of societal restriction, the resilience of elective surgery systems requires strengthening, which might include protected elective surgical pathways and long-term investment in surge capacity for acute care during public health emergencies to protect elective staff and services. Funding National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit, Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, Medtronic, Sarcoma UK, The Urology Foundation, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research.
Background Surgery is the main modality of cure for solid cancers and was prioritised to continue during COVID-19 outbreaks. This study aimed to identify immediate areas for system strengthening by comparing the delivery of elective cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in periods of lockdown versus light restriction. Methods This international, prospective, cohort study enrolled 20 006 adult (≥18 years) patients from 466 hospitals in 61 countries with 15 cancer types, who had a decision for curative surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic and were followed up until the point of surgery or cessation of follow-up (Aug 31, 2020). Average national Oxford COVID-19 Stringency Index scores were calculated to define the government response to COVID-19 for each patient for the period they awaited surgery, and classified into light restrictions (index 60). The primary outcome was the non-operation rate (defined as the proportion of patients who did not undergo planned surgery). Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used to explore the associations between lockdowns and non-operation. Intervals from diagnosis to surgery were compared across COVID-19 government response index groups. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04384926. Findings Of eligible patients awaiting surgery, 2003 (10·0%) of 20 006 did not receive surgery after a median follow-up of 23 weeks (IQR 16–30), all of whom had a COVID-19-related reason given for non-operation. Light restrictions were associated with a 0·6% non-operation rate (26 of 4521), moderate lockdowns with a 5·5% rate (201 of 3646; adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0·81, 95% CI 0·77–0·84; p<0·0001), and full lockdowns with a 15·0% rate (1775 of 11 827; HR 0·51, 0·50–0·53; p<0·0001). In sensitivity analyses, including adjustment for SARS-CoV-2 case notification rates, moderate lockdowns (HR 0·84, 95% CI 0·80–0·88; p<0·001), and full lockdowns (0·57, 0·54–0·60; p<0·001), remained independently associated with non-operation. Surgery beyond 12 weeks from diagnosis in patients without neoadjuvant therapy increased during lockdowns (374 [9·1%] of 4521 in light restrictions, 317 [10·4%] of 3646 in moderate lockdowns, 2001 [23·8%] of 11827 in full lockdowns), although there were no differences in resectability rates observed with longer delays. Interpretation Cancer surgery systems worldwide were fragile to lockdowns, with one in seven patients who were in regions with full lockdowns not undergoing planned surgery and experiencing longer preoperative delays. Although short-term oncological outcomes were not compromised in those selected for surgery, delays and non-operations might lead to long-term reductions in survival. During current and future periods of societal restriction, the resilience of elective surgery systems requires strengthening, which might include protected elective surgical pathways and long- term investment in surge capacity for acute care during public health emergencies to protect elective staff and services. Funding National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit, Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, Medtronic, Sarcoma UK, The Urology Foundation, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research.