Suchergebnisse

Introducción. El pensamiento feminista moderno tiene como punto de partida la Ilustración y, concretamente, las reivindicaciones de las mujeres surgidas a raíz de la Revolución Francesa. Objetivos. El objetivo de este trabajo es llevar ese punto de partida al siglo previo, examinando el pensamiento de sor Juana Inés de la Cruz respecto a la educación de las mujeres y las claves feministas que se desprenden de su discurso. Metodología. Para ello, se analizan y enfrentan tres textos: dos de ellos escritos por la citada autora (la Carta al Padre Núñez y la Respuesta a sor Filotea) y el restante de Mary Wollstonecraft (Vindicación de los derechos de la mujer) con el fin de situar el pensamiento sorjuaniano como precedente feminista {de/a} Wollstonecraft, reconociendo a esta autora y su obra como esenciales en el inicio del movimiento feminista actual. Resultados. En este sentido, se observan y comparan las propuestas que ambas autoras realizan respecto a la educación de las mujeres, comprobándose que sor Juana se adelanta en muchos de sus planteamientos a los que posteriormente aborda Wollstonecraft. Conclusiones y discusión. Las principales aportaciones del trabajo son, en primer lugar, considerar a sor Juana una pensadora feminista por sus contribuciones a la educación de las mujeres, y no solo una gran figura de la literatura del Siglo de Oro; y, en segundo término, abrir el debate sobre el pensamiento feminista previo a la Ilustración y considerarlo las raíces a partir de las que comienza a crecer el movimiento social posterior.

At the heart of most food, nutrition, and health decisions and concerns is an economic issue. Consequently, understanding some basic economics is imperative to evaluate the likely effectiveness of food and nutrition policies or interventions, especially those designed to operate through economic channels. Section I of the book provides the fundamentals of nutrition. Section II provides the fundamentals of consumer economics, from both the neo-classical and behavioral economics perspectives. Section III gives an overview of the US food system and the fundamentals of food production economics. Section IV gives the fundamentals of market analysis, including horizontally and vertically related markets. Section V gives an overview of cost effectiveness and cost benefit analysis of nutrition interventions.

Se ha dicho que los derechos humanos valen tanto cuanto valen sus garantías. La vieja concepción ideológica de los derechos y libertades, ha dejado paso a la positivización de los derechos fundamentales y las libertades públicas respaldadas en su realización por sistemas garantistas de naturaleza jurisdiccional —constitucional, penal o civil—; proceso paralelo a la propia evolución del constitucionalismo que desde planteamientos teóricos en mayor o menor grado ha evolucionado a la concreta concepción de la Constitución como Norma Jurídica.

L?nea Investigaci?n: L?nea 1. Procesos de depuraci?n de aguas residuales ; Regeneration of wastewater treatment plant effluents constitutes a solution to increase the availability of water resources in arid regions. Water reuse legislation imposes an exhaustive control of the microbiological quality of water in the operation of disinfection tertiary treatments. Additionally, recent reports have paid increasing attention on emerging micropollutants with potential biological effects even at trace level concentration. This work focuses on the evaluation of several photochemical technologies as disinfection processes with the aim of simultaneously achieving bacterial inactivation and oxidation of pharmaceuticals as examples of emerging micropollutants typically present in water and widely studied in the literature. UV-C-based processes show a high efficiency to inactivate bacteria. However, the bacterial damages are reversible and only when using H2O2, bacteria reproduction is affected. Moreover, a complete elimination of pharmaceutical compounds was not achieved at the end of the inactivation process. In contrast, UV-A/TiO2 required a longer irradiation time to inactivate bacteria but pharmaceuticals were completely removed along the process. In addition, its oxidation mechanism, based on hydroxyl radicals (?OH), leads to irreversible bacterial damages, not requiring of chemicals to avoid bacteria regrowth. For UV-A/TiO2/H2O2 process, the addition of H2O2 improved E. coli inactivation since the cell wall weakening, due to ?OH attacks, allowed H2O2 to diffuse into the bacteria. However, a total elimination of the pharmaceuticals was not achieved during the inactivation process. ; Tecnolog?a Qu?mica y Ambiental

Background: The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic disrupted the food supply, distribution and services and led to major changes in the federal governments safety-net programs. This paper synthesizes evidence for the literacy needs of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) eligible adults who receive benefits from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) to purchase groceries in an online food retail ecosystem. Methods: We conducted a scoping review of four electronic databases and gray literature sources to synthesize evidence in a narrative review to recommend actions for U.S. institutions. Step 1 identified health, food, nutrition, digital, media and marketing literacy frameworks and models to develop a multi-dimensional literacy model to inform policies for SNAP participants operating in an online food retail ecosystem. Step 2 identified U.S. cross-sectional or intervention studies that evaluated food or nutrition literacy including SNAP-eligible adults, and the multi-dimensional literacy model was used to evaluate these studies. Both steps informed recommended policies and actions to strengthen SNAP participants literacy skills for healthy grocery purchases online. Results: We examined 40 literacy frameworks to develop a multi-dimensional, five-step, digital food and nutrition literacy model that included functional, interactive, communicative, critical and translational literacy. We used the model to review and evaluate 18 U.S. food and nutrition literacy studies. While adults with higher food or nutrition literacy scores had better cognitive, behavioral, food security or health status outcomes, there were no consistent findings across the studies. No frameworks examined digital literacy, three studies reported using a conceptual framework, and six studies examined SNAP or SNAP-Education (SNAP-Ed) outcomes. The results are used to recommend policies and actions for the U.S. Congress and federal agencies to strengthen the digital food and nutrition literacy infrastructure; and for USDA, industry, foundations, researchers and civil society organizations to address the digital food and nutrition literacy needs of SNAP adults who order groceries online. Conclusions: The post-COVID food shopping trends underscore the need to enable SNAP participants at risk of food insecurity to develop many types of literacy skills to navigate the in-store path to purchase to the online digital food ecosystem in order to make healthy food and beverage product choices that align with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) 2020-2025 and USDAs MyPlate. Future research should test this multi-dimensional food and nutrition literacy model, validate metrics to measure progress to achieve the outcomes, and develop dissemination tools tailored for SNAP participants. Diverse strategies could be implemented by U.S. government agencies, retailers, foundations and non-governmental organizations to strengthen digital literacy and the infrastructure for a healthy online food retail ecosystem. ; Healthy Eating Research, A National Program of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation ; Unpublished version

Fresh Produce, Fresh Start was a pilot farm to family study which tested the effectiveness of a local produce delivery program on dietary intake of Head Start participants. Utilizing a pre-test/post-test design, measures collected from Head Start parents included 24-hour recall of dietary intake, height and weight, and a food security questionnaire. Intent-to-treat analysis was conducted using paired t-tests. Significant increases were found in intake of vitamin A, vitamin C, fiber, vegetable, and fruit and vegetable servings combined (p < .05) for participants (N=51). In particular, fruit and vegetable intake increased by 1.4 servings per day. Food security status and weight status did not significantly change. Results indicate that a produce delivery program has potential to improve dietary intake of Head Start families and, possibly, other populations, impacting lifelong consumption habits

Objective To document and analyze the food systems interventions delivered by community health workers (CHW) serving as educators within the United States (U.S.) Data Source Ten databases (ie, Agricola, CAB Abstracts, CINAHL, ERIC, Proquest Social Science and Education, Proquest Theses and Dissertations, PubMed, Scopus, SocIndex, Web of Science) and gray-literature repositories were searched for publications between 2005-2020. Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria English-language and U.S. studies included with CHW as educators or facilitators for food systems interventions. Food systems defined as processes of production, processing, distribution, marketing, access, preparation, consumption, and disposal of food products. Studies excluded for clinical settings; non-adult CHWs; CHWs with medical or public health credentials; and programming guides, reviews, and commentaries. Data Extraction Variables included CHW and intervention description, priority population, food system processes, and targeted and unexpected outcomes. Data Synthesis Data were analyzed by the lead investigator and described narratively. Results Of 43 records, CHWs educated for consumption (n = 38), preparation (n = 33), and food access (n = 22) to improve health of priority populations. Community health workers educated for the highest number of food system processes in garden-based interventions. Programs reached many underserved racial and socioeconomic populations. Conclusions The CHW model has been used to educate in interventions for all food systems processes and reached many diverse underserved audiences. Future work must explore garden-based food systems education and CHWs as community change agents.

During the academic year 2010/2011, the Department of Education of the Valencian Government promoted an academic teaching program focus on the use of English as a medium of instruction for outstanding students. This program was articulated through the creation of High Academic Performance groups ('Alto Rendimiento Académico', ARA groups) in most of the Valencian Public Universities. The objective of this work was to assess the degree of awareness regarding the existence/way to work of the ARA groups of both teachers and students belonging to different degrees of the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Alicante, in which there is an ARA group in the degree of Biology. Furthermore, they were aimed to be aware of the different English levels between the degrees surveyed and if there are differences over the years, besides others aspects as the advantages of belonging to ARA groups, among others. Our results indicate that the level of English of the students has increased with respect to the last year in all groups and the ARA group still has the highest level. Finally, the degree of awareness has not changed almost anything, so improving the visibility and dissemination of ARA groups is still necessary. These types of monitoring studies are necessary and prior step to define strategies to increase the awareness and promotion of ARA groups.

There is insufficient evidence that restaurant menu labeling policies are cost-effective strategies to reduce obesity and diet-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Evidence suggests that menu labeling has a modest effect on calories purchased and consumed. No review has been published on the effect of menu labeling policies on transnational restaurant chains globally. This study conducted a two-step scoping review to map and describe the effect of restaurant menu labeling policies on menu reformulation. First, we identified national, state, and municipal menu labeling policies in countries from global databases. Second, we searched four databases (i.e., PubMed, CINHAL/EBSCO, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) for peer-reviewed studies and gray-literature sources in English and Spanish (2000–2020). Step 1 identified three voluntary and eight mandatory menu labeling policies primarily for energy disclosures for 11 upper-middle and high-income countries, but none for low- or middle-income countries. Step 2 identified 15 of 577 studies that met the inclusion criteria. The analysis showed reductions in energy for newly introduced menu items only in the United States. We suggest actions for governments, civil society organizations, and the restaurant businesses to develop, implement, and evaluate comprehensive menu labeling policies to determine whether these may reduce obesity and NCD risks worldwide.

During the academic year 2010/2011, the Department of Education of the Valencian Government created the High Academic Performance groups ('Alto Rendimiento Académico', ARA groups) in most of the Valencian Public Universities. The objective of this work was to assess the degree of awareness regarding the existence/way to work of the ARA groups of both teachers and students belonging to different degrees of the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Alicante, in which there is an ARA group in the degree of Biology. Furthermore, they were aimed to be aware of the different English levels between the degrees surveyed and if there are differences over the years, besides others aspects as the advantages of belonging to ARA groups, among others. Our results indicate that the level of English of the students has increased with respect to the last year in all groups and the ARA group still has the highest level. Finally, the degree of awareness has not changed almost anything, so improving the visibility and dissemination of ARA groups is still necessary. These types of monitoring studies are necessary and prior step to define strategies to increase the awareness and promotion of ARA groups.