Suchergebnisse

Disintegration of the USSR and join of Baltic States to European Union made this one a border territory between Russia and EU.After the collapse of Former Soviet Union, the new boundary remained almost easy to cross. In the beginning of the 21th century,it became no more fuzzy but rather fixed. Since European enlargement that had taken place in 2004, the crossing has become moreregulated. People need visas that meant administrative papers and cost. The evolution of cargo flows has been more contrasted.Economic policies, political stakes and traditional links, are elements to understand East Baltic area. Kaliningrad Oblast, the Russianexclave lying by the Baltic Sea, strengthens the interest of the purpose.KEY WORDS: circulation, border, Baltic States, discontinuity.

La mer Baltique présente des particularités uniques. C'est une mer jeune qui forme aujourd'hui ce qu'on appelle « une mer régionale ». Peu de mers au monde sont aussi vulnérables qu'elle, son environnement maritime et les régions littorales étant au cœur de nombreuses problématiques. La pression résultant des activités des populations du bassin commence à s'y faire lourdement sentir et les façades sont exposées à des pollutions d'origines diverses, notamment maritimes. Par ailleurs, longtemps zone tampon entre Est et Ouest – voire d'opposition –, la Baltique est désormais un espace de contact, unifié. L'essor important et récent du transport maritime dans la région multiplie les interrogations sur l'avenir de cette mer semi-fermée, d'autant qu'elle met également en relation l'Union européenne et la Fédération de Russie. Les spécificités de cet ensemble baltique aggravent les difficultés d'y concilier développement du transport, construction régionale et impératifs du développement durable. Elles se manifestent également dans la mise en œuvre d'une approche régionale, supra-étatique originale.

International audience ; Disintegration of the USSR and join of Baltic States to European Union made this one a border territory between Russia and EU. After the collapse of Former Soviet Union, the new boundary remained almost easy to cross. In the beginning of the 21th century, it became no more fuzzy but rather fixed. Since European enlargement that had taken place in 2004, the crossing has become more regulated. People need visas that meant administrative papers and cost. The evolution of cargo flows has been more contrasted. Economic policies, political stakes and traditional links, are elements to understand East Baltic area. Kaliningrad Oblast, the Russian exclave lying by the Baltic Sea, strengthens the interest of the purpose.

International audience ; Disintegration of the USSR and join of Baltic States to European Union made this one a border territory between Russia and EU. After the collapse of Former Soviet Union, the new boundary remained almost easy to cross. In the beginning of the 21th century, it became no more fuzzy but rather fixed. Since European enlargement that had taken place in 2004, the crossing has become more regulated. People need visas that meant administrative papers and cost. The evolution of cargo flows has been more contrasted. Economic policies, political stakes and traditional links, are elements to understand East Baltic area. Kaliningrad Oblast, the Russian exclave lying by the Baltic Sea, strengthens the interest of the purpose.

Les bouleversements politiques en Europe centrale du début des années 1990 ont eu pour effet de conférer à cette région une situation géopolitique essentielle dans l'Europe de demain. Et la mer Noire est désormais un point de passage privilégié pour les échanges.

Les bouleversements politiques en Europe centrale du début des années 1990 ont eu pour effet de conférer à cette région une situation géopolitique essentielle dans l'Europe de demain. Et la mer Noire est désormais un point de passage privilégié pour les échanges.

La mer Méditerranée est un espace historique du transport maritime, à la fois omniprésent en raison du caractère obligatoire de l'utilisation de ce type de transport pour les échanges commerciaux entre ses deux rives occidentales et de sa localisation sur les grandes routes mondiales. Aujourd'hui, dans une industrie globalisée et fortement concurrentielle, la Méditerranée connaît une réorganisation maritime et portuaire synonyme de l'émergence de nombreux jeux d'acteurs, qui constituent autant de défis que d'opportunités.

International audience ; Over the past two decades, the Baltic sea has known multiple upheaveals, both political and economic. They have notably forced ports to change and adapt to the evolving maritime industries. The ports of the Eastern Baltic have gone from a complementary position as instruments of Soviet collectivism to becoming integrated within a global maritime and portuary system that is synonymous with liberalism. In addition, the issue of modifying governance and portuary regulations, within a rapidly evolving area, is of particular interest to the Baltic space. A literature review and a fieldwork based on two dozen interviews (with elected officials, representatives of port authorities, directors of dock handling companies, heads of chambers of commerce, lobbyists…) highlights how the choices of actors structure ports and affect territorial development (ports, urban areas, inland). ; Desde hace dos décadas el mar Báltico se ha visto afectado por múltiples conflictos geopoliticos y económicos, que han obligado a los puertos a transformarse y adaptarse a los cambios del sector marítimo. Los puertos del Báltico oriental han pasado de ser instrumentos complementarios del colectivismo soviético a su integración, en un contexto de liberalismo, como parte del sistema marítimo y portuario mundial. En una zona en profunda transformación es muy relevante la modificación de la normativa y el modelo de gobernanza portuario. ; Depuis une vingtaine d'années, la mer Baltique a été touchée par de multiples bouleversements d'abord géopolitiques, mais également économiques. Ceux-ci ont notamment obligé les ports à se transformer et à s'adapter aux évolutions de l'industrie maritime. Les ports de la Baltique orientale sont passés d'une situation de complémentarité, instruments du collectivisme soviétique, à une intégration dans le système maritime et portuaire mondial synonyme de libéralisme. Aussi, la question de la modification de la gouvernance et des régulations portuaires au sein d'une région en pleine mutation ...

International audience ; Over the past two decades, the Baltic sea has known multiple upheaveals, both political and economic. They have notably forced ports to change and adapt to the evolving maritime industries. The ports of the Eastern Baltic have gone from a complementary position as instruments of Soviet collectivism to becoming integrated within a global maritime and portuary system that is synonymous with liberalism. In addition, the issue of modifying governance and portuary regulations, within a rapidly evolving area, is of particular interest to the Baltic space. A literature review and a fieldwork based on two dozen interviews (with elected officials, representatives of port authorities, directors of dock handling companies, heads of chambers of commerce, lobbyists…) highlights how the choices of actors structure ports and affect territorial development (ports, urban areas, inland). ; Desde hace dos décadas el mar Báltico se ha visto afectado por múltiples conflictos geopoliticos y económicos, que han obligado a los puertos a transformarse y adaptarse a los cambios del sector marítimo. Los puertos del Báltico oriental han pasado de ser instrumentos complementarios del colectivismo soviético a su integración, en un contexto de liberalismo, como parte del sistema marítimo y portuario mundial. En una zona en profunda transformación es muy relevante la modificación de la normativa y el modelo de gobernanza portuario. ; Depuis une vingtaine d'années, la mer Baltique a été touchée par de multiples bouleversements d'abord géopolitiques, mais également économiques. Ceux-ci ont notamment obligé les ports à se transformer et à s'adapter aux évolutions de l'industrie maritime. Les ports de la Baltique orientale sont passés d'une situation de complémentarité, instruments du collectivisme soviétique, à une intégration dans le système maritime et portuaire mondial synonyme de libéralisme. Aussi, la question de la modification de la gouvernance et des régulations portuaires au sein d'une région en pleine mutation intéresse particulièrement l'espace baltique. Une revue de littérature ainsi qu'un travail de terrain appuyé sur une vingtaine d'entretiens (auprès d'élus, représentants des autorités portuaires, directeurs d'entreprises de manutention, responsables de chambres de commerce, lobbyistes…) permettent de mettre en lumière la manière dont les jeux d'acteurs structurent les places portuaires et impactent le développement des territoires (portuaires, urbains, arrière-pays).

International audience ; Maritime industry transformations force ports to redefine their scope of activities and has an impact on the new trajectories of governance marked by a new level of complexity which has caused a reshaping of the actors' system involved in the organization of ports. Models of port governance commonly consider the "public sector" to be a homogeneous object. But, its variety, the functions it performs and how it is linked with each other actor in the port are not so much analysed. So, the paper aims to provide some insights into this question. Moreover, the development of port activity echoes in the regional economy as well, hence governance is essential to maximizing the impact of ports on their region's economic development. The territory may be a resource for the port and its development. Correspondingly, the port is involved in urban/regional development. Likewise, the paper also seeks to identify the characteristics, constraints and dynamics of the relationship between ports and cities and to study their potential impacts on territorial development. It specifically focuses on an intermediate scale of port-cities. The methodology of this paper is primarily qualitative: interviews are conducted among key actors in ports. Collected speeches are the subject of a content analysis and a statistical treatment of textual data. The study mainly focuses on interrogations about the institutional status of the ports, the issues and consequences of the choices or the role of each category of actors (private /public for instance) in port and/or city governance.

International audience ; Maritime industry transformations force ports to redefine their scope of activities and has an impact on the new trajectories of governance marked by a new level of complexity which has caused a reshaping of the actors' system involved in the organization of ports. Models of port governance commonly consider the "public sector" to be a homogeneous object. But, its variety, the functions it performs and how it is linked with each other actor in the port are not so much analysed. So, the paper aims to provide some insights into this question. Moreover, the development of port activity echoes in the regional economy as well, hence governance is essential to maximizing the impact of ports on their region's economic development. The territory may be a resource for the port and its development. Correspondingly, the port is involved in urban/regional development. Likewise, the paper also seeks to identify the characteristics, constraints and dynamics of the relationship between ports and cities and to study their potential impacts on territorial development. It specifically focuses on an intermediate scale of port-cities. The methodology of this paper is primarily qualitative: interviews are conducted among key actors in ports. Collected speeches are the subject of a content analysis and a statistical treatment of textual data. The study mainly focuses on interrogations about the institutional status of the ports, the issues and consequences of the choices or the role of each category of actors (private /public for instance) in port and/or city governance.