Suchergebnisse

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Foreword -- Maps of Cities' Locations -- Key -- Introduction -- 1 Views from space -- 2 Earth's terrains -- Alpine -- Riverine -- Agrarian -- 3 Urban imprints -- Borders -- Routes -- Plans -- 4 Transforming the planet -- Resources -- Expansion -- Vulnerability -- Epilogue -- Further reading -- Acknowledgments -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- V -- Z

Introduction / JoAnn Carmin Dedication -- Urbanization impacts on environmental systems and driver of global environmental change -- Urbanization, economic growth and sustainability / Michail Fragkias -- Urbanization, food consumption and the environment / Shannon Murray, Samara Brock and Karen C. Seto -- Urbanization and agricultural land / Xiangzheng Deng -- Urbanization and land use / Dagmar Haase and Nina Schwarz -- Contemporary urbanization in India / Chandana Mitra, Bhartendu Pandey, Nick B. Allen and Karen C. Seto -- Resource use for the construction and operation of built environments / Burak Güneralp -- Harnessing urban water demand : lessons from North America / Patricia Gober and Ray Quay -- Urbanization, energy use and emissions / Peter J.Marcotullio -- Suburban landscapes and lifestyles, globalization, and exporting the American dream / Robin M. Leichenko and William Solecki -- Urbanization, habitat loss and biodiversity decline : solution pathways to break the cycle / Thomas Elmqvist, Wayne C. Zipperer and Burak Güneralp -- Urban precipitation : a global perspective / Chandana Mitra and J. Marshall Shepherd -- How is urbanization altering local and regional climate? / CSB Grimmond, Helen C Ward, and Simone Kotthaus -- Urban nutrient cycling / Lucy R. Hutyra -- Global environmental change impacts on urban systems and urbanization processes -- Introduction -- A broader framing of ecosystem services in cities : benefits and challenges of built, natural or hybrid system function / Nancy B. Grimm, Elizabeth M. Cook, Rebecca L. Hale and David M. Iwaniec -- Urbanization, vulnerability and risk / Patricia Romero-Lankao and Daniel -- Knatz -- Extreme events and their impacts on urban areas / Andrea Ferraz Young -- Water supply and urban water availability / Stephan Pfister, Stefan Schultze and Stefanie Hellweg -- Urban water quality / Conor Murphy -- Urban greening, human health, and wellbeing / Alexei Trundle and Darryn McEvoy -- Food price volatility and urban food insecurity / Marc J. Cohen and James L. Garrett -- Urbanization and global environmental change : from a gender and equity perspective / Gotelind Alber and Kate Cahoon -- Urban responses to global environmental change -- Environmental justice and transitions to a sustainable urban future / Christopher G. Boone and Sonja Klinsky -- Progress and challenges in urban climate adaptation planning / Linda Shi, Eric Chu and JoAnn Carmin -- Adaptation to climate change in rapidly growing cities / Roberto Sánchez-Rodríguez -- Spatial planning : an integrative approach to climate change response / Shu-Li Huang and Szu-Hua Wang -- Climate change mitigation in high-income cities / Eugene Mohareb, David Bristow and Sybil Derrible -- Climate change mitigation in medium-sized, low-income cities / Shuaib Lwasa -- Urban and peri-urban agriculture : cultivating urban climate resilience / Corrie Griffith, John P. Connors, Camille Nolasco, Bolanle Wahab and Frank Mugagga -- Integrating biodiversity and ecosystem services into urban planning and conservation / Robert McDonald -- The potential of the green economy and urban greening for addressing urban environmental change / David Simon -- Positive externalities in the urban boundary : the case of industrial symbiosis / Marian Chertow, Junming Zhu and Valerie Moye -- Resilient urban infrastructure for adapting to extreme environmental disruptions / Rae Zimmerman -- Soft and hard infrastructure co-production and lock-in : the challenges for a post-carbon city / Stephanie Pincetl -- Urbanization, global change, and sustainability : critical emerging integrative research -- Adaptation, transformation and transition : approaches to the sustainability challenge / Charles L. Redman -- City action for global environmental change : assessment and case study of Durban, South africa / Debra Roberts -- Climate change mitigation in rapidly developing cities / Alexander Aylett, Boyd Dionysius Joeman, Benoit Lefevre, Andrés Luque-Ayala, Atiqur Rahman, Debra Roberts and Sarah Ward -- Conclusion the road ahead for urbanization and sustainability research -- Box 1. What we need from an urban science : not only planning, but also operations / Colin Harrison -- Box 2. Key concepts for an urban science : urban scaling and cities as social reactors / Luis Bettencourt -- Box 3. The future of the science of cities, urbanism, and urbanization : the places left behind / Colin Harrison -- Box 4. Urbanization and environmental change in china : challenges and opportunities / Weiqi Zhou and Zhiyun Ouyang -- Box 5. Satellite-derived data on global urban human settlements / Martino Pesaresi and Thomas Kemper

To understand how the world's ecosystems are changing we need to understand cities, and to create better cities we need to understand the ecosystems they depend on. The failure of most markets, government policies and even urban studies to take these relations into account has put cities, and increasingly the whole world, in a difficult position. Studies like Urbanization, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services can help us to extricate ourselves, provided we act on the knowledge they provide. Gordon McGranahan International Institute for Environment and Development The challenges of urbanization are profound, but so too are the opportunities. Cities can reconcile human society and biodiversity by creating environments that are ecologically sustainable, economically productive, socially just, politically participatory and culturally vibrant. I commend this study to all who have a stake in creating ecologically sustainable urbanization for the benefit of humanity and the planet. Ban Ki-moon Secretary-General, United Nations

Urbanization is a global phenomenon and the book emphasizes that this is not just a social-technological process. It is also a social-ecological process where cities are places for nature, and where cities also are dependent on, and have impacts on, the biosphere at different scales from local to global. The book is a global assessment and delivers four main conclusions: Urban areas are expanding faster than urban populations. Half the increase in urban land across the world over the next 20 years will occur in Asia, with the most extensive change expected to take place in India and China Urban areas modify their local and regional climate through the urban heat island effect and by altering precipitation patterns, which together will have significant impacts on net primary production, ecosystem health, and biodiversity Urban expansion will heavily draw on natural resources, including water, on a global scale, and will often consume prime agricultural land, with knock-on effects on biodiversity and ecosystem services elsewhere Future urban expansion will often occur in areas where the capacity for formal governance is restricted, which will constrain the protection of biodiversity and management of ecosystem services