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The global trend of urbanization and growing environmental awareness have risen concerns and demands to develop cities to become smarter. There is a grave need for ambitious sustainability strategies and projects, which can aid cities intelligently and comprehensively in this task. European Union (EU) launched 2014 the Horizon 2020 program (aka Horizon Europe), aiming to encourage the EU nations and their cities to take action to reach carbon neutrality through projects striving to smart city development. By promoting innovative, efficient, far-reaching, and replicable solutions, from the fields of smart energy production and consumption, traffic and mobility, digitalization and information communication technology, and citizen engagement, the objectives of the smart city strategies can be achieved. Horizon 2020 funded IRIS Smart Cities project was launched in 2017. One of the follower cities in the project has been the City of Vaasa in Finland. Vaasa's climate objective is to reach carbon neutrality by 2030. In order to achieve this goal, the city has taken several decisive measures to enhance de-carbonization during recent years. One essential target for de-carbonization activities has been traffic and mobility. The primary purpose of the research conducted was to study the smart mobility, vehicle-to-grid (V2G), and second life battery solutions in the IRIS Smart Cities project, demonstrated first by the Lighthouse cities and then to be replicated in the City of Vaasa. The aim was to study which importance and prioritization these particular integrated solutions would receive in the City of Vaasa's replication plan led by the City of Vaasa's IRIS project task team of 12 experts, with the contribution of the key partners and stakeholders. Additionally, the aim was to study the potential of the integrated solutions in question to be eventually implemented in the Vaasa environment, and the benefit for the city's ultimate strategy to reach carbon neutrality by 2030. The secondary object was to study the solutions' compatibility with the IRIS lighthouse cities' demonstrations and gathered joined experiences concerning the smart and sustainable mobility and vehicle-to-grid solutions, and utilization of 2nd life batteries. The results of the research indicated, that the innovative smart mobility solutions, including vehicle-to-grid and second life battery schemes, are highly relevant not only to the IRIS Lighthouse cities, but they also present good potential for the City of Vaasa in the long run, being compatible with the city's climate and de-carbonization goals. ; © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). ; fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed|

This book presents trading in local energy markets and communities. It covers electrical, business, economics, telecommunication, information technology (IT), environment, building, industrial, and computer science and examines the intersections of these areas with these markets and communities. Additionally, it delivers an vision for local trading and communities in smart cities. Since it also lays out concepts, structures, and technologies in a variety of applications intertwined with future smart cities, readers running businesses of all types will find material of use in the book. Manufacturing firms, electric generation, transmission and distribution utilities, hardware and software computer companies, automation and control manufacturing firms, and other industries will be able to use this book to enhance their energy operations, improve their comfort and privacy, as well as to increase the benefit from the energy system. This book is also used as a textbook for graduate level courses.

"This book introduces novel algorithms and solutions to real-world problems under the umbrella of cyberphysical systems. It is organized in two sections: the first covers optimization algorithms for large-scale decision-making and the second covers intelligent decision-making in cyberphysical smart cities. The book takes into account new directions in engineering and science by deploying novel efficient algorithms to enhance near-real-time operation of underlying networks and use of peer-to-peer communication. These include the more in-depth study of special issues on deployment of these algorithms to improve the operation of smart cities. The material is presented in a concise and understandable form, taking into account the requirements for technical texts"--

"This book introduces novel algorithms and solutions to real-world problems under the umbrella of cyberphysical systems. It is organized in two sections: the first covers optimization algorithms for large-scale decision-making and the second covers intelligent decision-making in cyberphysical smart cities. The book takes into account new directions in engineering and science by deploying novel efficient algorithms to enhance near-real-time operation of underlying networks and use of peer-to-peer communication. These include the more in-depth study of special issues on deployment of these algorithms to improve the operation of smart cities. The material is presented in a concise and understandable form, taking into account the requirements for technical texts"--

The hybrid AC/DC microgrids have become considerably popular as they are reliable, accessible and robust. They are utilized for solving environmental, economic, operational and power-related political issues. Having this increased necessity taken into consideration, this paper performs a comprehensive review of the fundamentals of hybrid AC/DC microgrids and describes their components. Mathematical models and valid comparisons among different renewable energy sources' generations are discussed. Subsequently, various operational zones, control and optimization methods, power flow calculations in the presence of uncertainties related to renewable energy resources are reviewed. ; fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed|

The active participation of small-scale prosumers and consumers with demand-response capability and renewable resources can be a potential solution to the environmental issues and flexibility-related challenges. A local peer-to-peer market is proposed to exploit the maximum flexibility potential of prosumers. In this local market, network users can trade with each other as well as the grid. The proposed trading model includes two levels to consider both the democracy and the profitability of energy trading. At the first level, the model considers the trading preferences of each player to respect the peers' choices. The second level matches the rest of the bids and offers of the local buyers and sellers aiming to maximize the social welfare of all of the players participating in the local market. Our proposed local market is implemented for a test system consisting of fifteen residential players, and the results are compared to other trading models through different comparison criteria such as social-welfare of all players and the net cost of each individual player from consuming electricity. Simulation results for the case study demonstrate that the proposed local market model can still be profitable and liquid while respecting the players' trading preferences and choices. ; ©2021 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. For more information, see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ; This work was undertaken as part of the FLEXIMAR project (novel marketplace for energy flexibility) with financial support provided by Business Finland (Grant No. 6988/31/2018) as well as Finnish companies. ; fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed|

The active participation of small-scale prosumers and consumers with demand-response capability and renewable resources can be a potential solution to the environmental issues and flexibility-related challenges. Local energy markets based on peer-to-peer trading is defined as one of solutions to exploit the maximum flexibility potential of prosumers. However, the existing literature that proposed peer-to-peer based local energy markets did not lead to respecting the peers' energy trading preferences simultaneously in the profitable market settlement. To solve this issue, a new local energy market model is presented in which network users can trade with their preferred trading partners within the local market as well as the grid. The proposed trading model includes two levels to consider both the democracy and the profitability of energy trading. At the first level, the model considers the trading preferences of each player to respect the peers' choices. The second level matches the rest of the bids and offers of the local buyers and sellers aiming to maximize the social welfare of all of the players participating in the local market. Our proposed local market is implemented for a test system consisting of fifteen residential players, and the results are compared to other trading models through different comparison criteria such as social-welfare of all players and the net cost of each individual player from consuming electricity. According to the results, the proposed model stands in the second rank compared to the other models that do not simultaneously consider preferences and social welfare of the peers, in terms of social welfare, total profits of the players, and the sustainability and liquidity-based criteria. The proposed model achieves 1416-Cent as the total net energy costs of all peers and the total accepted blocks equaling 76. This means that the proposed local market model can still be profitable and liquid while respecting the players' trading preferences and choices.