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Addiction of cell phones, tabletsand computers is creating disturbing behaviors among society members universally. The purpose of this study is to describe the influence of digital heroin on youngsters that are students of top Montessori schools and how their parent's addictive habits acts as a moderator. This research includes the survey of four hundred and fifty respondents, most of them are the parents of children aged between 3 to 8 years in Lahore, Pakistan. Gymboree (a Montessori academy by Beaconhouse), Lahore Grammar School and Choueifat was included in this survey. The results of the survey exhibit that overwhelming usage of digital gadgets has sudden and significant influence on the youngsters' health; the greater the addiction of parents towards smart phones, greater is the tendency of a child to demonstrate disturbing behavior. Children of this age are having more interaction with digital technology but there is a very fine line between healthy and addictive usage. There are a lot of reasons why parents let their children use smart gadgets for a longer period of time, one of the reasons of which is easy parenting. This research can play a significant role for social science as well as for technological companies who need to realize that the real game lies in long term goodwill and not the short-term profitability through considering the drivers of youngsters's psychological problem.

Improving wellbeing at the workplace is the most talked-about topic in human resource management these days. Organizations now are not just focusing on the output of employees, but they are also focusing on how they manage to give input and how they feel at the workplace. Substantial research has been conducted in the area which reveals that the sustainable performance of employees is directly related to the mental health, vitality, and wellbeing of employees. Organizations need to put employee vitality and wellbeing as a priority in their operations. This study aims to understand the factors that influence the well-being of employees in the workplace and how they can improve. The study also reveals how the organizations that have a sound wellbeing strategy impact the overall performance and mental health of employees working in those organizations. 162 respondents filled the questionnaire. The data was analyzed using SPSS. The results show that the size of the budget for well-being and the existence of a well-being strategy impacts the ability of companies to offer well-being programs. Another important finding from the research is that the geographical location of the company impacts the existence of well-being strategies in companies, and they can differ depending on the geographical location. It was also found that if a company needs a well-being strategy, it is not impacted by the size of the company. The more companies invest in ensuring the wellbeing and mental health of employees, the more the employee motivation and meaningfulness at work improves, resulting in better performance.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop and validate a positioning taxonomy for the FMCG sector in the Indian emerging market, because a review of the literature shows that existing positioning typologies/taxonomies are based on managerial perspectives rather than consumer/customer perceptions and have only been developed for advanced countries. This study helps to solve this problem by creating a positioning taxonomy for emerging markets.Design/methodology/approachIn three phases, this study uses a systematic procedure for developing and validating a scale. Phase 1 consists of item generation and selection based on a review of the literature, focus group sessions and expert opinion. The second phase entails scale refinement via exploratory factor analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis is used in Phase 3 to establish convergent, discriminant and nomological validity.FindingsThis study's findings include a consumer-derived taxonomy of positioning strategies that have been tested and validated. There were four distinct positioning strategies that emerged: value for money, being local, premiumization and product attributes.Research limitations/implicationsThe main implication of this paper is to support researchers in developing and validating measurement scales. The limitations include target populations, choice of industry and geography and cross-sectional time horizon of this study.Practical implicationsThis study's practical implications are the four positioning strategies that FMCG managers, advertising and marketing experts in the emerging Indian market could adopt to position their fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) products to achieve the overall success of their organizations.Social implicationsResearchers are provided step-by-step guidance on how to develop and validate a measurement scale.Originality/valueThis study adds to the marketing literature by providing both a solid theoretical foundation and a validated instrument for the operationalization of positioning strategies.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to delineate alternative e‐health futures for public health policymaking in Bangladesh.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology used in the paper is the Six Pillars approach to explore alternative and preferred futures for the establishment of a health information system and e‐health provision in Bangladesh.FindingsThere is a great deal of potential for encouraging participatory engagement between various stakeholders in Bangladesh's public health policymaking. The Six Pillars approach is used not only to enhance this participatory approach but also to examine various discourses and different stakeholder voices to create four alternative futures for e‐health delivery in Bangladesh: first, leap‐frog 2025; second, e‐health car 2025; third, health cloud 2025; and fourth, e‐health political party aimed at optimizing the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) on one hand and ensuring widened access and participation on the other.Practical implicationsThe alternative scenarios identify four possible ways of bringing together society, government and business to achieve positive public health outcomes by creating an open, trust‐based and efficient e‐health system, not only in Bangladesh but also in other developing countries. The scenarios challenge health business as usual and used futures.Social implicationsThe paper aims to communicate a humane public approach to the issue of health which envisages using modern ICTs to maximize democratic access to the public health system and reduce health marginalization in Bangladesh.Originality/valueThe paper is a pioneering attempt to use Six Pillars for public health policymaking in Bangladesh. It is based on the first e‐health workshop in Bangladesh.

Social entrepreneurship (SE) is an all-encompassing concept in comparison to a typical non-government organization (NGO). It is a topic that has captured the interest of academics investigating nonprofit, charitable, and nongovernmental organizations. Despite the interest, few studies have examined the overlap and convergence of entrepreneurship and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), in congruence with the new phase of globalization. The study gathered and evaluated 73 peer-reviewed papers using a systematic literature review methodology, mainly from Web of Science but also from Scopus, JSTOR, and Science Direct, and supplemented by a search of existing databases and bibliographies. Based on the findings, 71 percent of studies suggest that organizations must reconsider the concept of social work, which has evolved rapidly, aided by globalization. The concept has changed from the NGO model to a more sustainable one, such as that proposed by SE. However, it is difficult to draw broad generalizations regarding the convergence of context-dependent complex variables such as SE, NGOs, and globalization. The results of the study will significantly contribute to a better understanding of the convergence of SE and NGOs, as well as the recognition that many aspects of NGOs, SE, and post-COVID globalization remain unexamined.

Through education conflicts, poverty, socio-economic injustice, distrust and constant threats to peace can be eradicated. Education is a powerful tool which can bring positive change, prosperity and justice. Conflict resolution and promotion of peace within the societies and with other nations of world can also bring through education .Role of educational institutions are always been considered most important and powerful to bring different cultures and nations closer. Mutual conflicted issues has created uncertainty and distrust in both countries. The wars of 1965, 1971 and recently Kargil conflict in 1999, cross border terrorism and blame game has pushed the relations into uncertain conditions of distrust. The South Asian University is window of integration where both countries students got the chance to get education under one roof. Objectives of establishing South Asian University for closer integration of SAARC countries is still a big challenge for the member nations as it can be used for the peace promotion and people to people connection. In this research paper the objectives and input of South Asian University is examine for bringing nations closer through education. The study examines the role of university to bring the students of Pakistan and India closer and for developing the atmosphere of friendship and trust in both nations. The study examines the civil society connectivity and different kinds of CBMs in both nations' students by using the platform of university and its impacts on Pak-India relations and developing the peace in the region.

The report contains ideas on enhanced cooperation on both security and economy. It is a particular relevant read for regional political decision makers, institutions, private companies, and researchers that wish to gain insight into the present and future political and economic developments of Afghan-Pakistani relations and to the region in general. Military institutions, officers and officials facing deployment in the region as well as universities and scholars with ongoing research and programmes in the region will also benefit from output of the stabilization project that this report represents.

Since its establishment in 1947, Pakistan has repeatedly been on starting point or even somewhat beyond the starting point, because of the malfunctioning or non-existence of the state institutions; on such occasions, instead of correcting or rectifying the malfunctioning, the basic infrastructure was altogether demolished while the institutions were abolished thus placing the country on a restart from zero point. Perhaps the Zero point in Islamabad indicates the psychological dimensions of the establishment that they place the country repeatedly at Zero point to start another exercise of trial and error. The military rule by General Ziaul Haq (1977-1988) provides an interesting insight of the above notion since the start of authoritative rather autocratic Islamization during the said regime turned the country back into late 1940s when the proposed Islamization under the Objectives Resolution of 1949 was criticized by the non-Muslim and neutral foreign observers alike. The instant study aims to evaluate whether the state institutions were empowered or strengthened by the Zia regime. It will also evaluate how General Zia's arbitrary use of power affected the performance of government functionaries and public departments.

Purpose: The study explores the after-effects of US-Taliban peace talks and how these can bring peace in decades' long war-wracked Afghanistan. It also investigates whether or not the ever-widening trust deficit between the stakeholders be bridged through these talks and in the future, Afghan soil will never be used for transnational activities. How can these talks neutralize and influence militant groups to join mainstream politics? Methodology: Relevant data were collected from newspaper articles, editorials, websites, journals, research reports, and magazines and minutely analyzed. The research is qualitative and explanatory cum exploratory in nature. Analytical techniques were utilized to evaluate data on the outcomes of the Doha-based US-Taliban peace talks. Main Findings: The study finds that it's easy to conclude table talks but hard to implement on the ground. Decades' long trust deficit will not come to an end until and unless all the stakeholders move forward positively. Intra-Afghan dialogue is the most important step to bring the political instability to an end and constitutional accommodation be made accordingly to space all these in mainstream politics. Applications: Findings of the study, to some extent, will be fruitful for the stakeholders to prioritize the steps to bring peace to Afghanistan. It also cautions regional and international actors to pursue their interests without using the soil of Afghanistan for seditious activities in rival countries. Novelty: The study is unique in the sense that it explores the ways and means through which decades' long trust deficit can be bridged by looping into the stakeholders for lasting peace to Afghanistan and the region.

Population densities and freshwater resources are not evenly distributed worldwide. This has forced farmers to use wastewater for the irrigation of food crops. This practice presents both positive and negative effects with respect to agricultural use, as well as in the context of environmental contamination and toxicology. Although wastewater is an important source of essential nutrients for plants, many environmental, sanitary, and health risks are also associated with the use of wastewater for crop irrigation due to the presence of toxic contaminants and microbes. This review highlights the harmful and beneficial impacts of wastewater irrigation on the physical, biological, and chemical properties of soil (pH, cations and anions, organic matter, microbial activity). We delineate the potentially toxic element (PTEs) build up in the soil and, as such, their transfer into plants and humans. The possible human health risks associated with the use of untreated wastewater for crop irrigation are also predicted and discussed. We compare the current condition of wastewater reuse in agriculture and the associated environmental and health issues between developing and developed countries. In addition, some integrated sustainable solutions and future perspectives are also proposed, keeping in view the regional and global context, as well as the grounded reality of wastewater use for crop production, sanitary and planning issues, remedial techniques, awareness among civil society, and the role of the government and the relevant stakeholders.