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1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 INTRODUCTION 1.2 REAL LIFE ISSUES 1.3 THEORETICAL GAPS IN TRANSBOUNDARY WATER GOVERNANCE LITERATURE 1.4 MAIN RESEARCH QUESTION AND SUB-QUESTIONS 1.5 FOCUS AND LIMITS 1.6 LIMITS OF THE THESIS 1.7 STRUCTURE OF THE THESIS 2 METHODOLOGY AND ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK 2.2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.3 CONTENT ANALYSIS2.4 CHOICE OF CASE STUDY 2.5 THE CONCEPTUAL APPROACH 2.6 INTEGRATED INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS 2.7 KEY LIMITATIONS OF THE THESIS2.8 RESEARCH ETHICS 3 APPROACHES TO TRANSBOUNDARY WATER GOVERNANCE 3.1 INRODUCTION 3.2 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS (IR) APPROACHES IN TRANSBOUNDARY GOVERNANCE 3.3 Hydro Hegemony (HH) 3.4 WATER GOVERNANCE AND INSTITUTIONS 3.5 THE INTERRELATED ROLE OF POWER AND INSTITUTIONS 3.6 CONCLUSION 4 ECOSYSTEM SERVICES AND HUMAN WELL-BEING 4.1 INTRODUCTION 4.2 DRIVERS OF FRESHWATER PROBLEM AT MULTIPLE LEVELS 4.3 FRESHWATER AND ITS TYPES 4.4 ECOSYSTEM SERVICES OF DIFFERENT KINDS OF FRESHWATER 4.5 ECOSYSTEM SERVICES AND HUMAN-WELLBEING 4.6 INFERENCES 5 GLOBAL WATER INSTITUTIONS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH INCLUSIVE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 5.1 INTRODUCTION 5.2 OVERVIEW OF GLOBAL WATER INSTITUTIONS 5.3 KEY GLOBAL WATER GOVERNANCE INSTITUTIONS 5.4 INVENTORY OF KEY PRINCIPLES IN GLOBAL WATER INSTITUTIONS 5.5 ROLE OF RIVER BASIN ORGANISATIONS IN DISPUTE RESOLUTION 5.6 INFERENCES 6 ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN THE KABUL RIVER BASIN (KRB) 6.1 INTRODUCTION 6.2 THE CONTEXT OF WATER GOVERNANCE AT TRANSBOUNDARY LEVEL IN THE KRB 6.3 CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES OF THE KRB 6.4 DRIVERS OF FRESHWATER PROBLEMS AT TRANSBOUNDARY LEVEL IN THE KRB 6.5 EVOLUTION OF TRANSBOUNDARY LEVEL INSTITUTIONS & PRACTICES IN THE KRB 6.6 GOALS, PRINCIPLES AND INSTRUMENTS 6.7 POWER ANALYSIS OF THE KRB RIPARIAN STATES IN TERMS OF GEOGRAPHIC AND THREE ELEMENTS OF POLITICAL POWER 6.8 INFERENCES 7 ANALYSIS OF WATER GOVERNANCE IN AFGHANISTAN 7.1 INTRODUCTION 7.2 THE CONTEXT OF WATER GOVERNANCE IN AFGHANISTAN 7.3 ECOSYSTEM SERVICES OF FRESHWATER IN AFGHANISTAN 7.4 DRIVERS OF FRESHWATER PROBLEMS AT NATIONAL & SUB- NATIONAL LEVEL IN AFGHANISTAN 7.5 EVOLUTION OF THE FRESHWATER & RELATED INSTITUTIONS IN AFGHANISTAN 7.6 GOALS, PRINCIPLES AND INSTRUMENTS 7.7 LEGAL PLURALISM ANALYSIS 7.8 PRINCIPLES & INSTRUMENTS ADDRESSING DRIVERS & ACHIEVING INCLUSIVE & SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 7.9 POWER ANALYSIS OF FRESHWATER GOVERNANCE IN AFGHANISTAN 7.10 INFERENCES 8 ANALYSIS OF MULTILEVEL FRESHWATER GOVERNANCE IN PAKISTAN 8.1 INTRODUCTION 8.2 THE CONTEXT OF WATER GOVERNANCE WITHIN PAKISTAN 8.3 ECOSYSTEM SERVICES OF FRESHWATER IN PAKISTAN 8.4 DRIVERS OF FRESHWATER PROBLEMS IN PAKISTAN 8.5 EVOLUTION OF THE FRESHWATER AND RELATED INSTITUTIONS IN PAKISTAN 8.6 GOALS, PRINCIPLES AND INSTRUMENTS 8.7 LEGAL PLURALISM ANALYSIS 8.8 PRINCIPLES & INSTRUMENTS ADDRESSING DRIVERS & ACHIEVING INCLUSIVE & SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 8.9 HOW DO POWER AND INSTITUTIONS INFLUENCE WATER SHARING IN PAKISTAN? 8.10 INFERENCES 9 MULTI-LEVEL INTEGRATED ANALYSIS FOCUSING ON ISSUES FOR RE-DESIGN 9.1 INTRDUCTION 9.2 THE CONTEXT OF MULTILEVEL WATER GOVERNANCE IN THE KRB 9.3 MULTILEVEL BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES IN THE KRB 9.4 THE MULTILEVEL DRIVERS OF CONFLICT 9.5 GOALS, PRINCIPLES AND INSTRUMENTS IN MULTILEVEL GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORKS 9.6 THE MULTILEVEL LEGAL PLURALISM ANALYSIS 9.7 APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE 5 AND 6 FOR ENHANCING MULTILEVEL WATER GOVERNANCE IN THE KRB 9.8 INFERENCES 10 CONCLUSION 10.1 INTRODUCTION 10.2 RECALLING THE QUESTIONS 10.3 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 10.4 CAN PAKISTAN USE HEGEMONIC STABILITY THEORY TO PROMOTE WATER RELATED PEACE? 11 REFERENCES ANNEX A: Thesis Log Frame ANNEX B: Keywords searched in scientific databases ANNEX C: List of people interviewed ANNEX D: List of constitutions, water laws & policies in Afghanistan ANNEX E: List of constitutions, water laws and policies in Pakistan ANNEX F: List of transboundary laws, proposal and discussions in the KRBANNEX G: Evolution of transboundary-level formal/informal water governance frameworks in the KRB ANNEX H: Evolution of water governance frameworks in Afghanistan ANNEX I: Evolution of freshwater governance frameworks from national to local level in Pakistan ANNEX J: Major principles & instruments in Pakistan's multilevel water governance fameworks ANNEX K: Multilevel ecosystem services in the KRB

"This may be imagined as a weave-work of memories, time, space and a beginning by a research scholar on a political and historical subject geographically torn into shreds. The essays in the book are intended to appear in the form of sarha - a journey, a walk, a stroll, wandering into the landscapes - thresholds of the earth, exile, childhood, and memories of the other. The work is an attempt to look at the problematiques of the spatial representations of violent geographies in the autobiographical works of Israeli and Palestinian writers - Amos Oz, Raja Shehadeh and Mourid Barghouti. The relation between the colonizer and colonized is not only a conscious, geographical and temporal one involving authority, power and its contestations, but also concerns the darker geographies of psyche and the mind. Rift would be an appropriate word to understand this book, as rift is suggestive of the geographical depredations - exile and alienation as well of cracks within the unconscious. How do Israelis and the Palestinians trudge and inhabit each other's inner geographies of psyche as Colonizer and the Colonized and how do the traces autobiographical works which present themselves before us as rifts. No matter how high, durable, and indestructible the colonial architectures of walls, barbed wires, checkpoints and fences are, the Colonizer's mind has already been trudged upon by the absences and presences of the Colonized as scattered fragments of being. The name, Palestine - opens before us as many rifts in space, time and the mind. And these rifts are essential for being, loving, living, thinking and writing." (Publisher's description)

Study based on Muslim women in Araria town, Bihar state

Food insecurity prevails when the availability of sufficient nutritious and safe food is threatened. This article examines conditions in Bundelkhand's Banda district and analyses the reasons behind the conditions of food insecurity prevalent there. On the basis of household-level primary data, body mass index (BMI) and 24-hour dietary recall (24-HDR) have been used to measure the chronic and transitory dimensions of food insecurity. The overall sex specific prevalence of chronic energy deficiency (CED) shows that both males and females are passing through a critical situation with respect to their nutritional status, with females being more underprivileged. Nearly two-fifths of the households remain hungry and are consuming calories less than the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of 1,890 calories, with wasted children being the biggest sufferers of CED. Persistent drought conditions combined with the unavailability of assured means of irrigation and faulty implementation of government systems and services, have ensured that Banda district remains in a state of chronic food insecurity.

This research contributes to the social science-oriented disciplinary and interdisciplinary epistemology and corresponding policy practices of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention in female garment workers' (FGWs), who work in the garment factories of Dhaka City, Bangladesh. According to National Violence against Women Survey report (2015) Bangladeshi women recognised the workplace as the second furthermost place to experience violence then household. Empowering FGWs through formal health education on sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV is essential and includes the prevention of workplace violence (WPV) and requires further training of their intimate partners' regarding violence (IPV). Structural reforms within legislation are essential for preventing violence in factories. Bangladesh Garment Factory Owners Association (BGMEA) should run explicit programmes on sexual harassment, including WPV and IPV training.

Present article follow up the recent debates that is being discussed in the country with respect to the National Food Security Act – 2013. Present article is based on the secondary sources of information collected through various books, magazines, journals, newspapers, government and non-governmental reports. The purpose of the article is to trace the discussion among various economist, planners, researchers and policy makers in order to analyse whether National food Security Act is a triumph for those who are in desperate need of it (poor and destitute), or a tragedy for those officials speaking against the Act. The main emphasis of the article is to discuss the cost of implementation of NFSA because it was believed that after its implementation it will put heavy burden on the government exchequer due to subsidies provided under it. Article also examines the challenges related to Food Corporation of India with respect to procurement, storage and distribution of foodgrains. Moreover, article also discusses the NFSA with respect to the Integrated Child Development Scheme, its affect on small and marginal farmers of the country, challenges related to public distribution system.

"Amrita Sher Gil†discovered rural beauties, deficiencies and miseries of villager's life, to expose the social political crises and conditions of Indian people before independence, for which Amrita has always been accused by her opponents that she has mechanically used Indian people and their condition as a tool, for sympathy, despite of the fact that she was first Indian artist who represented the spirit of Indian villages and fully understood the traditional art of India. The basic characteristics of the folk art, i.e., simple, bold clear forms are always maintained in her work. Further, the strong living shapes and bright colors contributed to her art dynamism and animation, not to be found in a more complex art. Amrita was clearly attracted to the unpolluted indigenous, original folk art tradition of the country too and could absorb successfully in her art quite a few folk elements.Â

In ancient periods of art, paintings generally have to done on rock shelters of the caves, which considered as the first step of human towards artistic developments. Thus the status of women can be defined appropriately in visual art from Ancient to Modern period. Hence paintings used to be used as vehicle to re-examine the role of woman in the society because art is always being a part of culture, politic, economic and psychological tendencies. It's also strongly connected with the taste and demands of an individual. So that this observation makes it obvious that the visual art represents diverse societal moves. Subsequently, across the ages, Indian artists were illustrious for portraying the womanly splendor, sophistication, kindness and bravery in various ways. Art adds a special dimension to the factual and tangible study of life in any given period and region.

This study investigates the factors influencing entrepreneurial intentions, including the mediating role of incubation centers and access to finance. A quantitative survey-based research design was used to collect data from 364 business studies students studying across the province, from a total of 6173 students, with the help of a closed-ended questionnaire based on a five-point Likert scale. The study employed a proportionate sample strategy to account for the disparity in university enrollment. Researchers used this strategy by treating each university as a distinct stratum to ensure the correctness of the sample size. The sample size was determined to be 364 by utilizing the Raosoft online sampling calculator. Descriptive and inferential statistical approaches were applied, and statistical techniques frequency, percentage, and regression analysis were utilized. In addition, the Hayes Process Macro was used to investigate the mediation. The result of the study shows that Attitude Towards Entrepreneurship has a positive influence on entrepreneurial intention, a positive influence on entrepreneurial intention and that incubation centers play a role in mediating the relationship between Attitude Towards Entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial intention. All of these factors have a positive influence on entrepreneurial intention. Furthermore, the findings suggest that finance mediates the relationship between Attitude towards Entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial intention. The study recommended, in the light of findings, that the university may strengthen incubation center engagement, provide financial literacy and access enhancement, student community engagement and social norms shift through education training workshops, and universities make proper university-industry collaboration, curriculum enhancement for perceived behavioral control, take initiative for strategic financial planning for social entrepreneurship and may adopt proper and continuous monitoring.