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Foreword by Janet YellenWeijian Shan's Out of the Gobi is a powerful memoir and commentary that will be one of the most important books on China of our time, one with the potential to re-shape how Americans view China, and how the Chinese view life in America.Shan, a former hard laborer who is now one of Asia's best-known financiers, is thoughtful, observant, eloquent, and brutally honest, making him well-positioned to tell the story of a life that is a microcosm of modern China, and of how, improbably, that life became intertwined with America. Out of the Gobi draws a vivid picture of the raw human energy and the will to succeed against all odds.Shan only finished elementary school when Mao Zedong's Cultural Revolution tore his country apart. He was a witness to the brutality and absurdity of Mao's policies during one of the most tumultuous eras in China's history. Exiled to the Gobi Desert at age 15 and denied schooling for 10 years, he endured untold hardships without ever giving up his dream for an education. Shan's improbable journey, from the Gobi to the "People's Republic of Berkeley" and far beyond, is a uniquely American success story - told with a splash of humor, deep insight and rich and engaging detail.This powerful and personal perspective on China and America will inform Americans' view of China, humanizing the country, while providing a rare view of America from the prism of a keen foreign observer who lived the American dream.Says former Federal Reserve chair Janet Yellen: "Shan's life provides a demonstration of what is possible when China and the United States come together, even by happenstance. It is not only Shan's personal history that makes this book so interesting but also how the stories of China and America merge in just one moment in time to create an inspired individual so unique and driven, and so representative of the true sprits of both countries."

Die chinesische Wirtschaftspolitik, das gemischte System, basiert auf der Verteilung der Ressourcen nach administrativ-staatlichen Gesichtspunkten einerseits und marktwirtschaftlichen andererseits. In einem gesonderten Abschnitt des Beitrages wird jedoch die Auswirkung dieser Politik auf das in China weit verbreitete Problem der Korruption in Staatskreisen eingegangen. Was die chinesische Landwirtschaft betrifft, so ist hier eine beschleunigte Entwicklung bzgl. des Wachstumstempos zu beobachten, was vor allem auf die allmähliche Auflösung des Kommunensystems und die Umverteilung von Grund und Boden zurückzuführen ist. Im letzten Kapitel erörtert der Autor die Tendenzen des gemischten Wirtschaftssystems in China in Richtung Marktwirtschaft. (BIOst-Rgl)

After briefly describing some major characteristics of the Chinese economy that differentiate it from those of both western-type market economies and the pure Soviet model, the author outlines difficulties in economic reforms in China. Some issues of foreign investment in this country are discussed. (DÜI-Sen)

Intro -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Author's Note -- Prologue -- Chapter 1: Man-Made Famine -- Chapter 2: School Cut Short -- Chapter 3: Storm of Revolution -- Chapter 4: Turmoil Under Heaven -- Chapter 5: Exiled to the Gobi -- Chapter 6: Digging for Potatoes -- Chapter 7: War Is Coming -- Chapter 8: Repairing the Earth -- Chapter 9: Battling Frozen Lake -- Chapter 10: The Longest Night -- Chapter 11: Unforgettable Movie Night -- Chapter 12: Barefoot Doctor -- Chapter 13: Brickmaking the Ancient Way -- Chapter 14: Petition to Mao -- Chapter 15: Pigs Don't Fly -- Chapter 16: Half the Sky -- Chapter 17: Desert Dreams of College -- Chapter 18: Last Convulsions of the Revolution -- Chapter 19: Roads to Rome -- Chapter 20: Old Gold Mountain -- Chapter 21: The People's Republic of Berkeley -- Chapter 22: Ivy League Professor -- Epilogue -- Index -- Supplemental Images -- WILEY END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT.

The formation of a network is determined by the opposition of two forces. The first is the reproduction of network structure as a general social resource for network members. The second is the alteration of network structure by entrepreneurs for their own benefit. The idea of reproduction is a conventional one in organizational sociology but has taken on increased importance due to the work of Bourdieu and Coleman. In contrast, Burt stresses the entrepreneurship of individual agents in exploiting structural holes that lie between constrained positions. Though complementary, the theories of social capital and structural holes have fundamentally different implications for network formation. This paper investigates these theories by examining empirically the formation of the interorganizational network among biotechnology firms. We propose that network structure determines the frequency with which a new biotechnology firm (or startup) establishes new relationships. Network structure indicates both where social capital is distributed in the industry and where opportunities for entrepreneurial action are located. The reproduction of network structure depends on how startups value social capital compared to these opportunities. The critical test is, consequently, whether new relationships reproduce or alter the inherited network structure. We find strong support for the power of social capital in reproducing the network over time.