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Lucid and concise, Original Intents: Hamilton, Jefferson, Madison, and the American Founding fully explains the political, economic, and constitutional ideas of Alexander Hamilton, Thomas Jefferson, and James Madison as their thinking developed from the American Revolution through the early 1790s. It shows how their ideas took shape and changed as they engaged with each other and eventually began to have serious debates and arguments. Original Intents shows that there was no single original meaning or intent in the Constitution, and that Hamilton sought to build a Republican United States that was completely incompatible with the Republic that Jefferson and Madison wanted. By the early 1790s, the two Virginians had come to despise Hamilton and detest his vision, and vice versa.Andrew Shankman is Associate Professor of History at Rutgers University, Camden.

Alasdair Roberts has written a concise and commendably readable book that shows clearly and well just how devastating the Panic of 1837 was for the United States. His study substantiates the claim that the Panic was a great depression, though as we learn more about the catastrophic impact of the American Revolution, it may not come to be viewed as the nation's first. In his introduction and conclusion Roberts also provides a timely discussion of the nation's economic life in a global system in which, going forward,Americans should not expect to have the authority or control that they learned to take for granted during the last fifty years of the previous century.

Cover -- Anglicizing America -- Title -- Copyright -- CONTENTS -- Introduction -- PART I. ANGLICIZATION -- Chapter 1. England and Colonial America: A Novel Theory of the American Revolution -- Chapter 2. A Synthesis Useful and Compelling: Anglicization and the Achievement of John M. Murrin -- PART II. EMPIRE -- Chapter 3. "In Great Slavery and Bondage": White Labor and the Development of Plantation Slavery in British America -- Chapter 4. Anglicizing the League: The Writing of Cadwallader Colden's History of the Five Indian Nations

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Preface -- Introduction: The Complex and Contested History of Democracy -- Part I Pre-Classical Democracy -- Chapter 1 Prehistory -- Chapter 2 The Assyrians -- Chapter 3 Ancient India -- Chapter 4 Ancient China -- Chapter 5 Israel and Phoenicia -- Part II Classical Democracy -- Chapter 6 Early Greece -- Chapter 7 Athens -- Chapter 8 Rome -- Part III Medieval Democracy -- Chapter 9 Islam -- Chapter 10 Venice -- Chapter 11 The Nordic Countries -- Chapter 12 The Christian Church -- Part IV Early Modern Democracy -- Chapter 13 The English Parliament -- Chapter 14 The Levellers and Diggers -- Chapter 15 The Swiss Cantons -- Chapter 16 The American Revolution -- Chapter 17 The French Revolution -- Part V Colonialism and Democracy -- Chapter 18 Africa -- Chapter 19 Native Americans -- Chapter 20 Australasia -- Chapter 21 Singapore -- Part VI National Movements -- Chapter 22 1808: South American Liberation -- Chapter 23 1848: European Revolutions -- Chapter 24 1919: After Versailles -- Chapter 25 1945: Post-Second World War Japan -- Chapter 26 1989: Eastern Europe -- Part VII Peoples' Movements -- Chapter 27 Anti-Slavery -- Chapter 28 Women's Suffrage -- Chapter 29 Socialism, Communism, Anarchism -- Chapter 30 Civil Rights -- Part VIII Democracy Today -- Chapter 31 South Africa -- Chapter 32 Bolivia -- Chapter 33 Georgia -- Chapter 34 Iraq -- Chapter 35 Burma -- Chapter 36 China since Tiananmen Square -- Chapter 37 Islam since 9/11 -- Part IX Futures and Possibilities -- Chapter 38 Democracy Promotion -- Chapter 39 Transnational Democracy -- Chapter 40 Digital Democracy -- Chapter 41 Radical Democracy -- Chapter 42 Deliberative Democracy -- Chapter 43 New Thinking -- Conclusion: The Future History of Democracy -- Notes on the Contributors -- Index