Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- About the Editor and Authors -- About the Editor -- About the Authors -- Introduction -- The book structure -- References -- Part 1: Generational Differences and Generation Y Work Values and Work Ethic: Evidence from Different Countries -- Chapter 1 -- Generational Differences in Work Values: Evidence from Canada -- Abstract -- Work Values -- Generational Differences in Canadians' Work Values -- Method -- Participants -- Measures -- Results -- Cross-Sectional Comparisons of Inter-Generational Differences -- Stability and Change in Generational Work Values across 2002 and 2011 Samples -- Discussion -- Practical Implications -- Limitations and Directions for Future Research -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 2 -- Impact of Generational Differences on Work Values in the Israeli Context -- 1Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Yezreel Valley Academic College, Emek Yezreel, Israel -- 2 Faculty of Business Administration, Center for the Study of Organizations and Human Resource Management, -- University of Haifa. Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Theoretical Background and Hypotheses -- The Israeli Context -- Stability and Change of Values over Time -- Causes of Changes in Values -- Method -- Sample and Data Collection -- Measurement of Work Goals -- Findings -- Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3 -- Managing Multigenerational Employees: A Study of Generational Differences in Work Values in China -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Literature Review and Hypotheses -- Generation in the Workplace in China -- Cultural Revolution Generation (1949-1966) -- Transitional Generation (1967-1978) -- Millennium Generation -- Work Values across Generations -- Altruism -- Leisure Value -- Relationship Reward -- Extrinsic and Intrinsic Rewards

Purpose
Over the course of time, more and more women have been joining the labor force, achieving meaningful roles and managerial positions. The purpose of this paper is to examine contemporary meaning of work (MOW) among men and women in different organizational statuses and the impact of other demographic factors on the MOW dimensions.


Design/methodology/approach
Out of 1,201 participants that filled out the MOW questioner, 908 were employed in organizations as middle managers (118 men and 67 women) or junior managers (120 men and 97 women) and workers (208 men and 298 women).


Findings
No differences were found between men and women middle managers regarding MOW dimensions. It was found that the higher the organizational status, the higher the work centrality and intrinsic orientation and the lower the economic orientation, among both men and women. Regression analysis reveals that demographic variables have a low impact on the MOW dimensions and hardly explain the differences among men and women.


Practical implications
The understanding of contemporary MOW similarities and differences among men and women according to organizational status and the impact of varied demographic variables on those differences can influence the way organizations consider men's and women's (both managers and workers) needs in their working life, with implications for their satisfaction and productivity.


Originality/value
While there are various studies about gender differences regarding work values and the MOW, not a single study focusing on the differences in the MOW between managers and workers according to gender was found.

AbstractBased on the findings of the 2006 "Meaning of Work" survey, this article examines the relative "life domain centrality" of work, family, leisure, community and religion across a representative sample of the Israeli labour force comprising 463 men and 446 women. While confirming that family centrality remained stronger among women than men, male and female respondents ranked work equally high, marking a departure from women's traditionally weaker preference for this life domain. Regression analysis identifies socio‐economic factors that partially explain the attitudinal differences between men and women. Overall, the results suggest a growing risk of work–family conflict among Israeli women.

ResumenCon datos de la encuesta «Meaning of Work» de 2006, se examina la centralidad relativa del trabajo, la familia, el ocio, la comunidad y la religión en una muestra representativa de la población activa israelí de 463 hombres y 446 mujeres. La centralidad de la familia siguió siendo más frecuente entre las mujeres, pero ambos sexos situaron el trabajo en posición igualmente elevada, lo que marca el fin de la menor inclinación femenina tradicional por esta esfera vital. Un análisis de regresión permite identificar factores socioeconómicos que inciden en las diferencias entre hombres y mujeres. Globalmente, se observa mayor riesgo de conflicto trabajo‐familia entre las mujeres israelíes.

RésuméExploitant une enquête de 2006 auprès d'un échantillon de la population active israélienne sur la signification du travail, l'auteur examine la centralité relative des diverses sphères de la vie: travail, famille, loisirs, collectivité et religion. La famille reste plus importante pour les femmes que pour les hommes, mais il n'y a pas de différence quant au travail, en rupture avec la moindre préférence traditionnelle des femmes pour celui‐ci. L'auteur identifie au moyen d'une régression les déterminants socio‐économiques des différences d'attitudes entre hommes et femmes. Il en ressort un risque croissant de conflit entre travail et famille chez les Israéliennes.

Over the last 30 years, Israeli society has undergone dramatic social, political and economic changes, and this study examines changes in the importance of the valued work outcomes between 1981 and 2006. Results are reported for cross-sectional studies conducted in 1981 ( n = 973) and 2006 ( n = 909), which were drawn from representative samples of the Israeli workforce. The samples allow us to examine the cohort effect/generational differences and the ageing effect. The findings reveal substantial differences in work outcome importance over the course of time. Between 1981 and 2006, there was a decrease in the importance of the intrinsic outcome of interest and the social outcome of serving society while the importance of the extrinsic outcomes of income, status and prestige increased. This trend reflects the transformation from a collectivist and altruistic society to an individualist and materialistic society, and can be explained by the generational/cohort effect and ageing effect. The changes in work outcomes over the course of time are explained by political, social and economic factors.

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to compare the importance of work and other areas of life, as well as preferred work goals, among Jewish and Muslim academic graduates who work in the Israeli labor market.Design/methodology/approachThe Meaning‐of‐Work questionnaire was conducted on 362 Jewish and 73 Muslim academic graduates.FindingsThe research findings reveal significant differences in all areas of life (work, family, leisure, community and religion) and in six of the eleven work goals. The MDS of Jews and Muslims also demonstrate different perceptions and internalization of work values among the two ethnic groups.Research limitations/implicationsThe limitations of this study are related to the measures (importance of life areas and preferred work goals). Using a single‐item measure and ranking measures may not be the optimal, but those measures were used in a variety of studies conducted in several countries.Practical implicationsThe findings attributed to cultural differences, ethnic conflict, as well as to the employment opportunities given to Jewish and Muslim academic graduates. The extra‐high work centrality of Muslim academic graduates reflects high non‐actualized potential for organizations and for Israeli society.Originality/valueWork values of Muslims in general, and of Muslim academic graduates in particular, have not yet been studied in Israel and this is a preliminary study, which interprets findings through cultural, economic and social aspects of Jews and Muslims in Israel.

Purpose
This article aims to provide an examination of the impact of Jewish religious tradition on attitudes toward life domains among Jewish Israeli women. This is the first study of importance of life-domains among women in the ultra-Orthodox community: the fastest growing population in Israel. This population exhibits a unique occupational pattern in which women are the primary economic actors. As women are transitioning into more central occupational and economic players throughout the world, this research has both theoretical and practical implications.


Design/methodology/approach
In total, 567 employed Jewish Israeli women (309 secular, 138 traditional and 120 ultra-Orthodox) completed a survey about relative importance of life domains. Responses were analyzed via mean-comparison tests, ANOVA and regression analysis.


Findings
Surprisingly, religiosity was associated with higher lower work centrality. Work centrality was the highest among ultra-Orthodox women, and family centrality the lowest. Centrality of religion increased and centrality of leisure decreased with religiosity. No differences emerged regarding centrality of community.


Research limitations/implications
A limitation of this study is that attitudes toward life domains are based on one-time responses to one question. With that, the psychometric characteristics of the measure and its wide-spread use indicate its acceptability and applicability for the issue studied.


Practical implications
The data point to changes in the attitudes of ultra-Orthodox women toward life-domains. Those changes and the increased presence of these women at the workplace challenge both organizational and community leaders to reexamine how to best react to and benefit from the above.


Social implications
Ultra-orthodox society is a fundamentalist, enclave society that has, generally, been able to retain traditional internal social and familial patterns until now. However, increased exposure of community members – and particularly women – to a variety of organizations and individuals operating in them, may be contributing to changes in attitudes of those women regarding their traditional social and familial roles.


Originality/value
This study closes gaps in research examining the impact of religion and of gender on work attitudes. It does so among women in the fastest growing population of Israel, that exhibit a unique occupational pattern that can contribute to both theoreticians and policy planners regarding implications of the transition of women to more central economic roles.

AbstractThe most common indicator of non‐financial employment commitment (NFEC) is the "lottery question" – whether a person would continue working if they won a lottery. This cross‐sectional research seeks to identify the demographic variables and the "meaning of work" dimensions that could predict individual NFEC, presenting the main international findings over time, with particular reference to data collected in Israel in 1981, 1994 and 2006. The authors' findings point to a marked decrease in NFEC in the new millennium and a change in its predictors over time. The findings and their implications for work and employment are examined in the light of social and economic changes in Israel.

ResumenA partir de datos transversales relativos a Israel de 1981, 1993 y 2006, basados en respuestas a la pregunta de si se seguiría trabajando tras ganar la lotería, se investiga el compromiso no económico con el trabajo (NFEC), tratando de identificar las variables demográficas y las dimensiones del «significado del trabajo» que funcionan como predictores, sobre la base de estudios previos en todo el mundo. Se observa un marcado descenso del NFEC y un cambio en sus determinantes en el nuevo milenio. Los autores lo relacionan con la evolución económica y social reciente, tendiente a un mayor individualismo.